As long as both the rifle and the revolver are chambered in .44 magnum you can use the same ammunition for both. I have a Henry rifle in .44 mag and a Ruger redhawk .44 mag and I use the same ammo for both. That's one of the nice things about that caliber.
There ARE rifles and revolvers chambered for the 44 magnum cartridge. If the weapon is marked ".44 Magnum" then it can be used in that weapon. You should know that there are other .44 caliber catridges, and THOSE weapons (44 Special, 44-40, etc) cannot use 44 magnum loads.
Not the rimfires (.22 Short, .22 Long, .22 Long Rifle, .22 Magnum), but centrefire cartridges in the same calibre range (.22-250, .222 Remington, .223 Remington Magnum, .223 Remington, etc.) can be sufficient for coyote.
To the best of my knowledge, no manufacturer has even made a .38 Special rifle, so no. .38 Special can be used in .357 Magnum revolvers, but that's because revolvers don't have a headspaced chamber - this cannot be done in firearms which have a headspaced chamber (as rifles typically do).
While there have been custom rifles built, or converted from 357 Magnum rifles, to the best of my knowledge, there is no maker producing a .327 Magnum rifle.
FMJ
Could you be a little more specific? There are lots of rifles considered large caliber, therefore there are all sorts of ammunition.
Rifles, shotguns, and revolvers, made by many different companies.
The 7.62x59 ammunition is a surplus ammunition used in the Mosin Nagant
Depends what kinda of round (bullet) it was, if it's from a small calibre weapon (i.e. 5.56 mil ammunition) it would probably take your head off with no effect to your body however if it is something like a 50. calibre round (often used in sniper rifles) it would probably take your shoulders/chest along with your head.
Muzzleloading rifles, shotguns, and pistols. No revolvers.
The .22 Long rifle is a CARTRIDGE that is used in revolvers, pistols, and rifles. BULLET refers to the part of a cartridge that comes out of the barrel.
No, you cannot safely shoot 17 WSM (Winchester Super Magnum) out of rifles chambered for 17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire). The two cartridges have different case dimensions and pressure levels, and using the wrong cartridge can result in dangerous malfunctions. Always use the ammunition that matches your rifle's chamber specifications to ensure safety and proper function.