With over 25000 laws on the books regarding firearms, it is always best to check with your local law enforcement for current information.
Yes
yes
No.
No
Yes
You only need a license if you wish to wear a handgun openly or concealed (it is illegal to do either without a permit). But no permit is needed to buy or own any otherwise-legal gun (rifle, shotgun, pistol) or to carry a rifle or shotgun.
No, the permit system only pertains to handguns. To buy an ordinary Title I rifle or shotgun, you simply go to a gun shop, fill out your Form 4473, have the NICS background check phoned in, and pick up your firearm. Now for pistols, you either need to purchase pistol permits from the Sheriff's Office of your county, or have a North Carolina Concealed Carry Permit.
Money. Permit not required.
In MOST of the US, a permit is NOT required to purchase a .22 rifle. IF one is required in your area, it is because elected politicians passed a law that says you need a permit. You would need to ask them why they did that.
No.
The SKS is not an assault rifle, nor even a BATFE-defined "civilian assault weapon". And no, a permit is not required.
As long as you meet the minimum age requirements and are not criminally prohibited, no license is required for a shotgun.