Depends on the Thompson. If you mean the Thompson submachine gun, yes, they were made in caliber .45 ACP (and other calibers as well). However, there are other Thompsons. I have a Thompson Center muzzleloading rifle that is .50 caliber.
The Glock pistol in caliber .45 GAP.
No.
No, it won't fit. The .45 caliber bullet is 0.45" in diameter; the .30 caliber bullet is .15" smaller. The brass is different size too.
Yes, you can shoot .38 caliber ammunition in a .357 caliber firearm.
45
None. While there are firearms made to shoot .45 Colt AND .410 shotshells, they are designed and made to do that. A regular .410 shotgun is NOT made to do that safely.
Can I shoot 380acp caliber out of my 32 pistol?
The short answer is no. The longer answer is, you might be able to get a .40 caliber cartridge to fire from a .45 caliber gun, but it may damage the gun, and even if it doesn't damage the gun, it will cause other problems. In general (with only a few exceptions) you should never try to fire any cartridge in any gun other than a gun designed for that caliber.
.45 caliber
Yes, you can shoot .38 caliber ammunition in a .357 revolver because the .357 revolver is designed to also shoot .38 caliber ammunition.
how far does a 50 caliber sniper rifle shoot accuratly
45