To impart a longitudinal spin to a projectile which gives gyroscopic stability to the projectile which greatly increases its accuracy.
The purpose of the barrel is to direct the projectile and to contain gases pushing the projectile. Barrels are also commonly used to mount sights.
That portion of the firearm through which the projectile is propelled by the burning of the powder charge. Unless a smoothbore, it also imparts spin on the projectile to stabilize it.
The spin is forced on to the bullet or shell by grooves in the gun barrel, this is to take advantage of the fact that the axis of a rotating object will tend to remain parallel, this , in effect keeps the shell or bullet in a good aerodynamic profile, without tumbling (which absorbs energy). These grooves are known as rifling and so any weapon which has those grooves in the barrel is said to be rifled.
The lands and grooves in the barrel that impart spin to the projectile
Rifling refers to helix-shaped pattern of grooves and bands that have been formed into the inside of the barrel of a firearm to impart a spin to a projectile around its long axis. This spin gyroscopically stabilizes the projectile and improves its accuracy and stability.
Ballistic spin drift is the tendency of a spinning projectile (such as a bullet) to drift slightly to the side due to the gyroscopic effect created by its spin. This effect influences the trajectory of the projectile and can cause it to deviate from its intended path at longer ranges. Shooters need to account for ballistic spin drift when calculating their shots for increased accuracy.
Rifling imparts spin that stabilizes the projectile. The rate or "twist" determines how much
The barrel of a rifle is characterized by rifling, helical grooves that impart spin on the bullet, stabilizing the projectile in flight.
How many spins the projectile makes over a measured length of distance. E.g., a 1 in 7 twist means the projectile makes a 360 degree spin in seven inches of travel.
This is a shallow spiral groove cut into the inside of a gun's barrel. As a gun shoots, the projectile engages these grooves and they impart a longitudinal spin to the bullet. This creates gyroscopic stability which greatly increased the accuracy of the projectile.
Rifling, the use of lands and grooves carved into the metal inside a gun barrle, imparts spin to the projectile. This spin gives it greater stability in flight (by the gyroscope effect) and gives it a greater range and accuracy.