270
.270
Really depends on the load, but the .270 is typically the more powerful of the two.
The 270 is more powerful. The .270 has a slightly larger projectile in diameter (.277 vs. .224) and a significantly heavier bullet (between 90 and 150 grains, vs. 45 - 80 grains for .223/5.56 loads). Additionally, the .270 utilises a much larger casing - the .30-06 casing, necked down to accommodate the smaller projectile of the .270 cartridge.
30-06 is more powerful
500-230 = 270
The .270 has MUCH more energy than the 30-30.
Either can depending on the load
General rule of thumb is that the best caliber is the one which best suits you. Of the two, .270 would be the more powerful round. Both are substantial for hunting something like deer, although the .243 is probably better suited for the experienced hunter, whereas the .270 would be a little more forgiving to the novice hunter. The .270 is a necked down .30-06, and the .243 is a necked down .308.
If 7mm Magnum, it trumps the others.
100-1000 or more depending on specifics
100-1000 or more depending on specifics.
.270 WCF means Winchester Center fire. Yes, same round- and IMHO, one of the best rifle cartridges ever made.