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Home Insurance and Guns / FirearmsAs phrased, the question has many complexities. Therefore, let's break them down.

1. In many, if not most states, an injured person does not have a direct claim against the "wrongdoer's" insurance. Instead, the claim is against the wrongdoer. As such, when the insurer cannot be made a direct party to the claim, it is not directly responsible for damages for the deaths. If there is coverage for the claim, the insurer is responsible for payment only if its insured is found to be responsible, and if there are no exclusions or limitations to the coverage that apply to the occurrence.

2. The gun owner may be held responsible on some legal basis. One basis is for an intentional act, meaning that the shooting was meant to occur. In general, there is no coverage under a liability policy for an intentional act. This is because liability insurance is intended to cover accidental occurrences. It is considered to be against public policy for a person to insure against intentional acts. Otherwise, if one could insurer against the consequences, there may be no disincentive to commit the bad act. Additionally, it would be virtually impossible for the insurer to predict that which it may be responsible for and thereby to set a premium (the charge for the insurance), or to underwrite the risk. Underwriting is the process by which the insurer decides which categories of risks that it will assume and which it will not.

3. Notwithstanding #2, there are circumstances where liability insurance might apply to what would otherwise be an intentional act In some states, coverage could apply if self-defense was involved. The caselaw (court decisions) of the state may have interpreted insurance policy language to hold that under certain sets of facts, an intentional act is not an intentional act in the customary sense of that term. The result would be driven by the facts of the occurrence, so there is no answer that is set in stone.

4. Also material to the analysis is whether or not the gun owner owned the gun legally. That is, did he/she comply with all statutory requirements for owning one?

5. Yet another consideration is whether the homeowners policy provided liability coverage. Some homeowners policies cover the structure of the building only, and provide no liability coverage. This often occurs when the homeowner does not provide proof of homeowners insurance to a mortgage company. In that instance, the mortgage company often obtains insurance on the structure to protect its financial interest. Those sorts of policies normally do not include liability coverage.

6. If the gun belonged to another person such as an intruder, a guest or a tenant, the homeowner would likely have no liability and his insurance policy would not be triggered (no pun intended). This is because the gun owner in this case was not an insured under the policy.

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