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Throughout history, Jerusalem has been the focal point of numerous military campaigns aimed at its retaking. Notable attempts include the Crusades, particularly the First Crusade in 1099 when Christian forces captured the city, and later, the Saladin's recapture in 1187. Other significant attempts involved the Ottoman Empire and British forces during World War I. Each of these efforts was driven by religious, political, and strategic motivations, reflecting the city's enduring significance in various cultures and religions.

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