They did not have their people everywhere (they wouldn't have had the manpower for that) but they had soldiers and customs and tax officers in all the coastal cities who saw to it that only ships and goods were handled that were allowed there and that in- and export duties were paid. But practically all colonies that had goods to import or export that were much in demand, had smugglers going in and out. The mother countries had usually ships patrolling suspected areas, but with a varying degree of succes. Especially the US Colonies were (in)famous for the amount of goods being smuggled.
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colonies helped nations do this by providing gold and silver mines, producing goods that could be traded for gold and silver
Songhai traded gold and salt
They traded with people from India, Tibet, Persia, and Mediterranean countries. They also traded with soldiers, nomads and whoever else happened to be on the road.
The Dutch East India Company is known as the VOC and was established in 1602. It traded with countries throughout all of Europe and Asia.
Trade helped the Gupta Empire thrive. Salt, cloth, and iron were common goods traded in India. Indian merchants also traded with China and with lands in Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean area. The Gupta rulers benefited from their control of much of the trade. They owned silver and gold mines and large estates.