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Peter the Great. He captured the Swedish fortress at the head of the Neva river in 1703, that land would eventually become Saint Petersburg.

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Q: What Russian Czar expanded his nation by building a seaport and naming after himself?
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Which suffolk village was capital of east Anglia and a major seaport?

Dunwich was the major seaport and Capital of East Anglia. It is now underwater but for a small village and friary ruins. Sometimes known as the British 'Atlantis', it is hoped that underwater cameras will be able to film parts of it.


Was Dunwich ever a city?

About 1500 years ago, Dunwich was a large and prosperous seaport, but coastal erosion has reduced it to a small village today.


What led Germany to start world war 2?

One of Adolf Hitler's primary stated goals before World War II was to bring all German people in Europe into a single country under his control. To that end, he spent much of 1937-1939 seizing territory from neighboring countries, in the name of German unification. He engineered the annexation of Austria, the seizure of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, and then the dissolution of the rest of Czechoslovakia. After all that was done, he turned his sights to Poland. A large portion of western Poland had been ruled by Germany before the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Hitler demanded that territory back, along with an important seaport city called Danzig (now called Gdansk). However, Britain and France were no longer willing to allow Hitler to attack his neighbors; additionally, they were allied with Poland, so they were obligated to help if attacked. At first Hitler tried negotiating with Poland but his demands were too strict and Poland refused to accept. Hitler believed the Allies would not defend Poland; they had done nothing to help Austria or Czechoslovakia, so why would they now? So German agents pretended to be Polish spies, and they launched attacks on some German buildings near the border with Poland- Hitler wanted to use this as proof that Poland was attacking them, to justify declaring war and invading Poland. Nobody believed Hitler's stories, and when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had officially begun.


Why did Greeks migrate to Australia?

Greeks and people of Greek heritage came to the Americas and Texas mostly between 1890 and 1920. Greece has been a colonizing country for some 2,500 years; thus, some Greeks came from Greece itself, others from satellite colonies in the Middle East. Many Greek colonials were expelled from Turkey during warfare. In Greece economic depression at the turn of the century, overpopulation, and not incidentally social customs such as an expensive dowry system that had to accompany marriage, drove many individuals to seek fortunes elsewhere. Greek emigrants to Texas went directly into cities. Here, the typical single man would work in a low-paying job until he had earned the money to open his own business. If he met with success, and most did, this prosperity led to a trip home for a marriage and a quick return to Texas. But the first to arrive were rather different adventurers. Captain Nicholas, who never admitted another name, was a young pirate who sailed the schooner Arabella as part of Jean Laffite's buccaneer fleet. Coming into his share of luck, Nicholas tried to settle down by buying himself a Karankawa bride (for 10 pounds of sugar and an undisclosed quantity of rum), lost her in a storm, sailed with Laffite off Yucatán, survived yellow fever, escaped wrecks, and returned to Galveston on board a Texas Navy ship in 1842. The apparently indestructible captain finally did settle down in Galveston, living both by his wits as a storyteller in the port city and as a farmer. Just a few days before his 100th birthday, still going strong, Nicholas died in the Galveston storm of 1900. Some individuals of Greek descent came early to Texas on very different business. Colonel Francisco Garay, with General Urrea during the Texas Revolution, managed to save a few men from the Palm Sunday massacre at Goliad. Born of Greek parents, Garay had served the Mexican Republic as consul at Gibraltar and attaché in London before joining the army and finding himself in Texas as part of a very bloody revolution. Later Greeks, seeing Texas as a home, stayed and formed small communities. Galveston, as Texas's leading seaport before the rise of Houston, was a lure to fishermen, sailors, and merchants. There, joining with Orthodox Syrians, Serbians, and Russians, the Greeks helped build the SS. Constantine and Helen Orthodox Church, where the first priest, the Greek Theoclitos Triantafilides, conducted services in Greek, Russian, and Serbian. Some individuals worked their way to Galveston as seamen, leaving ship there for other lives; others abandoned railroad work for urban Texas settings; many lived elsewhere before moving on; and a few had heard about Texas and took it as their first choice. In an era when women did not travel singly or alone, most women were brought as brides. Typically individualistic as Greeks are, Faithon P. Lucas, a cafe owner in Dallas, summarized immigrant feeling after he was called a damn foreigner. Friend, Lucas remarked calmly, I am ashamed that I was not born here, but I came as quickly as I could. This might have been remark enough, but holding his accuser's eye, he continued, And I have done my best to be worthy of America. But I am just as ashamed as your grandfather was when he arrived. Greek urban communities typically centered around the church or social societies. By the 1940s communities existed in all of Texas's larger cities San Antonio, Dallas, Houston, Galveston and also in Waco, Austin, Wichita Falls, El Paso, Port Arthur, and San Angelo. March 25, Greek Independence Day, has been observed officially in Texas since the governor's proclamation in 1943 of Greek Independence in Texas. The day is marked in homes, churches, and community centers with a feast, costumed dances, religious services, and speeches. The church is the focus for most of the Greek festival days, which include Christmas Eve midnight services; gifts on New Year's (St. Basil's Day, although this is yielding to today's commercial Christmas); Dancers celebratingthe blessing of the waters at port cities on Epiphany; somber Good Friday processions; and the feast of Easter Sunday with its notable breads, pastries, cheeses, and in former years, roast lamb and costumed dancing. And the Greek wedding may still extend in excess of the hour needed for the exchange of ceremony, although the duration is shorter than the former 10-day celebration. Also, to nearly everyone's delight, the dowry system has been mostly abandoned. Ancient Greeks contributed much to Western culture structures of literature and government, music and philosophy, science and drama; modern Greeks have helped construct Texas.


How does geography impact history?

Geography can have a large impact on history. Two major examples of this are the development of the ancient Roman empire and the distance between the United States and powerful countries to the east and west of the USA.In the case of the Roman empire it can be seen how the expansion and conquest of other ancient nations was impacted by Rome's geographic position in the Mediterranean Sea. Rome was located in the middle of what was once called the "Roman lake" meaning the Mediterranean Sea.Rome had a central position in that important sea and a central position on the Italian peninsula. Rome also could take advantage of its location that was not on the sea coast but northeast of the Mediterranean Sea, on the Tiber River.Sea attacks on Rome could never be a surprise attack as the enemy would have to pass the Roman seaport of Ostia.In terms of taking control of the Italian peninsula, Rome's central location in Italy was ideal. Rome's position could cut the peninsula in half. Troop movements to the North and South of Rome were enhanced by having a safe and fortified capitol in the middle of Italy.At the southern tip of Italy lay the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily.Rome took control of that island in its wars with Carthage and her Greek allies in southern Italy and on Sicily.So besides being in the middle of Italy, Rome also by controlling Sicily, placed itself in a position to control sea transport that was travelling east or west of Sicily.In summary, Rome's geographical position helped it expand its empire.In the case of the United States, its geographical position did the opposite of what Rome's did.Up until the end of World War 2, the USA avoided any serious and threatening contact with warring European powers and with the new military power of Japan.The most important example of how geography helped the USA was during World War Two. When it became involved in that war, its population and the industries that were required to wage the war were protected by the vast distances that were needed to navigate the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans that surrounded the USA.During the war, even the victorious allies of the USA, were invaded, bombed and devastated by the military power of Germany. The USA was also insulated from Japan. Japan never took control of the Hawaiian Islands, a USA base, but they only could bomb it , and it was "once".The result of its geographic position left the USA mainland intact and because of that, by war's end, the USA was by default, the most powerful nation at that time. Unlike its allies and enemies who faced massive destruction and had a huge rebuilding effort after the war.The above is one benefit of the USA's geographic position. There are more examples of this however the WW2 example was the most important one.