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European mercantilism in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the establishment of colonial empires, as nations sought to acquire resources and markets to enhance their wealth and power. This economic theory emphasized a favorable balance of trade, prompting European countries to exploit colonies for raw materials and establish trade monopolies. Additionally, mercantilism contributed to intense competition and conflict between European powers, influencing global trade patterns and fostering the rise of capitalism. The system ultimately laid the groundwork for modern economic practices and international relations.

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