Spain
By 1830, several European nations had established colonies in Latin America, primarily Spain and Portugal, which were the dominant colonial powers. Spain controlled most of the region, while Portugal held Brazil. Other nations, such as Britain and France, had smaller territories and interests in the region but did not have significant colonies compared to Spain and Portugal. As a result, the primary colonial presence in Latin America at that time was largely Spanish and Portuguese.
Spain
Spain was able to establish colonies in large areas of both continents.Spain was able to establish colonies in large areas of both continents.
During the 1600s, the Netherlands challenged Spain's territorial claims, particularly in the Americas and the Caribbean. The Dutch, seeking to expand their own trade and colonial interests, engaged in conflicts such as the Eighty Years' War against Spanish rule and established colonies that directly contested Spanish dominance. This rivalry culminated in naval battles and the establishment of Dutch territories in the Americas, undermining Spanish authority in the region.
A Viceroy
In Spanish and Portuguese colonies, the people who were on top of the social hierarchy were the peninsulares - individuals who were born in Spain or Portugal. They held the highest positions in government, the church, and society.
Spanish Morocco and Spanish Sahara were Spanish colonies in Africa.
The Spanish Colonies had women they were not there at first but once the colonies became permanent The realized they needed women in the colonies.
The Spanish colonies were known for their gold. It made Spain quite rich.
Persons born in Spain who settled in the Spanish colonies
The racial history of a person's family
Spanish colonies could only export their raw materials to Spain or other Spanish colonies, and had to purchase manufactured products only from Spain. This was typical of European colonies under the system of mercantilism.
The people who were born in Spain but lived in the Spanish American colonies were called peninsulares. They were considered the highest social class in the colonies and held positions of power and authority.
In the Spanish Colonies, the social classes were structured as follows: peninsulares (those born in Spain), creoles (those of Spanish descent born in the colonies), mestizos (mixed-race individuals), Native Americans, and enslaved Africans.
The US.
One of the first Spanish colonies to rebel against Spain was Mexico, with the Mexican War of Independence beginning in 1810.