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During the 18th century in France, a new class known as the bourgeoisie emerged, comprising wealthy merchants, industrialists, and professionals who were not part of the traditional nobility or peasantry. This class gained economic power and began to challenge the social and political structures dominated by the aristocracy. The bourgeoisie played a crucial role in the Enlightenment, advocating for individual rights, reason, and equality, which ultimately contributed to the revolutionary movements in France. Their rise marked a significant shift in societal dynamics, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism and democratic ideals.

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