rivalry
By conquests from several European nations. The European nations had many firearms, and Africa and India did not have that many at all compared to the Europeans. This caused conquests and how India and Africa became part of the British Empire
World War I ended with uprisings and revolutions in several European countries. Communists took advantage of these uprisings and tried to take control of those countries. They were successful in Russia, and also tried in Germany (where they did control parts like Bavaria briefly) and Hungary (where they took control for about five months).
In 1750, the British Empire held lands in what is now Canada, the US, several Caribbean island and Central American nations, several African nations, Bangladesh/India, and Ireland.
The war started the dissemblance of the European Colonial Empires, wrecked the economies of several nations, jump started the Economies of others, revolutionized warfare (this was the first war where tanks were used and also aircraft in a combat role)
The European Common market sought to encourage trade between several nations, especially member nations.
Warsaw pact
rivalry
Several European nations have had influence in the Caribbean Sea. Those nations include the United States, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal.
There were several European nations whose 1848 revolutions were unsuccesful: Sweden, Hungary, Moldavia, Poland, Ireland and Italy.
Several Asian nations avoided being colonized by European powers. China and Siam (Thailand), were two of these.
Colonial expansion by several European nations. Great advances in technology. Slavery.
European nations benefited from their African colonies in several ways, including access to valuable natural resources, new markets for their goods, and opportunities for economic and political expansion. Additionally, colonies provided a source of cheap labor and military manpower for the European powers.
Fascism
Yes, some still do. For example, Spain, The Netherlands, England and Sweden, amongst others.
Yes, the southwest United States has several deserts.
It was a race for resources and increased overseas holdings among several European nations, including Spain, England, Portugal, France and Italy.