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The set of legislation that enabled the Constitution Act, 1982 made major changes to Canada's constitutional arrangements. The Act was actually enabled by the Canada Act, 1982 (of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, passed at the request of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada), and s. 2 of that Actrevoked the right of the United Kingdom Parliament to legislate for Canada.

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The most well-known effect of the Constitution Act, 1982was the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (ss. 1-34 of the Act). The Charterexpanded the rights and freedoms of Canadians (beyond that of the Canadian Bill of Rights), and to date has been the foundation for the acknowledgment of many rights and freedoms--for example, the right of prisoners to vote, and the right of same-sex couples to marry.

Formula for constitutional amendments

The Act also created a formula for future constitutional amendments. Previously, amendments to the Canadian constitution had to be recommended to the United Kingdom Parliament to be passed. With the passage of the Act, however, amendments can now be made by the Parliament of Canada (or by the Governor General and House of Commons alone, under some circumstances). Some types of amendments do not need provincial consent, some need the consent of seven or more provincial legislative assemblies, and some need the unanymous consent of the provinces.

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