It would depend on the context and specific traits of the young man, but some possible characterizations could be ambitious, kind-hearted, determined, or independent.
It would depend on the specific qualities and actions of the young man described. Terms like "hardworking," "ambitious," "kind," or "creative" might be good characterizations, based on his traits and behaviors.
Jeune homme.
"gay man" is the best English term there is.
The man has escaped from prison
The Greek for "young man" is kouros. (Kouroi, plural.) Another term is ephebe - this relates to a young man that is on the cusp on manhood.
The opposite gender of "man" is "woman." However, "lad" specifically refers to a young boy or young man. The opposite of "lad" would be "lass," which is a term used to refer to a young girl or young woman.
Young lady. (referring to a young girl or early teen) It is sometimes used as an endearing term for a little girl. This term should not be used for young woman, only a child. Jovencito (young man)
the man was not a good rider
yes HE WAS THE BEST MAN IN THE WORLD.
It can either mean that someone is a coward, or it can be a gay term for a very young gay man.
That is called indirect characterization. Direct characterization is when the author simply states something like "He was a bitter man."
Conscription.