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Vocalization

Penguin calls (vocalizations) are individually identifiable, allowing mates to recognize each other and also their chick. This is important because members of a large colony of penguins are nearly indistinguishable by sight.

Research has identified differences in the calls of male and female emperor penguins. These differences probably function in courtship and mate selection.

There are three main kinds of penguin calls.

  • The contact call assists in recognition of colony members. The contact call of emperor and king penguins can be heard one kilometer (0.6 mi.) away.
  • The display call is the most complex of all the calls and is used between partners in a colony. The call must convey information on territorial, sexual, and individual recognition.
  • The threat call is the simplest and is used to defend a territory and warn other colony members of predators.

Displays

Penguins communicate by vocalizing and performing physical behaviors called displays. They use many vocal and visual displays to communicate nesting territories, mating information, nest relief rituals, partner and chick recognition, and defense against intruders.

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Curtis Strite

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Emperor penguins breathe through their lungs, taking in oxygen from the air and expelling carbon dioxide. When they are swimming underwater, emperor penguins can hold their breath for up to 18 minutes, utilizing their large lung capacity and efficient oxygen exchange system to dive deep for food.


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The genus of the penguins varies according to the species. Penguins are in the order Sphenisciformes and within this order there are six genera (which is the plural of genus), which are then divided into a further 17 species.The various genera are:Aptenodytes (Emperor and King penguins)Pygoscelis (brush-tailed penguins)Eudyptes (crested penguins)Megadyptes (yellow-eyed penguins)Spheniscus (banded penguins)Eudyptula (Little Blue penguins)For information on the specific species within each genus, see the related link below.


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macoroni,empior,there are only 5 I just learned that in my project.theres more but idk them its 11/9/2009

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