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During the Miocene epoch, approximately 23 to 5 million years ago, significant climatic changes, including the cooling and drying of the Earth's climate, led to the expansion of grasslands and the contraction of forests. This shift created new ecological niches and challenges, prompting early primates to adapt to more open environments. As trees became scarcer, some hominins began to develop bipedal locomotion, which allowed them to traverse longer distances and exploit diverse resources. These adaptations were crucial for the eventual evolution of the genus Homo and the emergence of modern humans.

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