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What is the airport code for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport?
The airport code for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport is PKC.
What is the enzyme PKC delta?
enzyme responsible in the insulin signaling pathway. phosphorylates substrates like IR.
How do you use Microsoft office product key card when 2010 office is not already on your computer?
Download Office 2010 from the Microsoft site and use the PKC to install it on your PC.
What subjects should you take to become an astronaut?
You should take geometry, algebra, trignometry, calculus, biology, chemistry, physics.to become an astronaut hope this helps
List of biggest automotive wiring harness manufacturer?
- Sumitomo Electric Industries - Delphi - Yazaki - LEONI - Furukuwa Electric - LEAR - Nantong Unistar Electro-Mechanical Industries - Kyungshin Industrial - Coroplast - Kunshan Hu Guang Auto Harness - THB - Kromberg & Schubert - Fujikura - Qingdao Yujin Electro-Circuit Systems - Yura - Hefei JAC Xinfa - Hu Lane Associate Inc. - PKC
What is the function of PMA?
PMA, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, is a potent tumor promoter and activator of protein kinase C (PKC). It functions by mimicking diacylglycerol, a natural signaling molecule, leading to the activation of various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. PMA is commonly used in research to study cell signaling pathways and the mechanisms of cancer progression. Additionally, it can influence immune responses and inflammation.
Explain how nonsteroid hormones may function through an increase intracellular calcium ion concentration?
Non steroid hormones cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane, therefore they interact with membrane receptors. There are many different types of receptors, many of which result in an increase in cellular [Ca2+], and increased cellular [Ca2+] can have a myriad of effects including cytoskeleton restructuring, muscle fibre contraction, regulation of calcium-dependent enzymes, action potential generation, secretion of vesicles, and even apoptosis. The increase in cellular [Ca2+] can be caused by as simple as the opening of a ligand(hormone)-gated calcium channel. Another far more complex, but somewhat more common pathway involves the hormone binding to a G-protein coupled receptor or a receptor tyrosine kinase, causing the receptor to activate an enzyme called PLC (phospholipase C) that will cleave a membrane phospholipid (phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, PIP2) into two components (Inositol triphosphate, IP3, and Diacylglycerol, DAG). IP3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and releases sequestered Ca2+, and DAG provides an anchor for another enzyme, PKC (protein kinase C). Anchored PKC is activated by the released Ca2+ and it begins to perform its duty, which is to add a phosphate group onto specific substrates, activating or deactivating them, causing a general shift in cellular dynamics.
What does a Jacob's ladder in Animal Crossing Wild World look like?
Think of a tulip, with 2 short sword like leaves from the base. Two stems extend upward and curve downward to the right, each with a flower at the end (one stem only half as long). The flowers look like unopened tulips pointing downward, colored a light purple (mauve?). I've read posts on how to get one.. and it was nowhere near as hard to get as they implied. I overplanted trees for orchards and planted flowers around. Pelly said things looked good but Phylis complained of too many trees... I've got two Jacob's ladders in my back room -- potted in blue square planters with kind of a wavy pattern on them. or you could look it up on google pictures..: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sugexp=ldymls&authuser=0&cp=34&xhr=t&q=animal+crossing+wild+world+jacob%27s+ladder&qe=YW5pbWFsIGNyb3NzaW5nIHdpbGQgd29ybGQgamFjb2JzIA&qesig=UZYJrBr4rrM3Gj2u_u6cUQ&pkc=AFgZ2tkvU57kbDq9H63fo_O5WfgKACxNZg7cJsVnBJLyhfTpWPSgl5VzjgIWEOtWaYW_Y884vJxWectFnCzeVqmwSDfwzJql3Q&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=1149&bih=572&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi
How can I say java based applications are secure?
All Java Based Apps are secure because Java is one of the most secure programming languages. For Ex: In Web applications, security can be implemented using strong authentication. The different types of Authentication used in Web Applications are:• HTTP Basic Authentication - Authentication based on a username and password. It is the authentication mechanism defined in the HTTP/1.0 specification. A Web server requests a Web client to authenticate the user. The Web client obtains the username and the password from the user and transmits them to the Web server. The Web server then authenticates the user. This is the lowest level security of the four here.• HTTP Digest Authentication - The password is encrypted. Like HTTP Basic Authentication, HTTP Digest Authentication authenticates a user based on a username and a password. However, the authentication is performed by transmitting the password in an encrypted form.• HTTPS Client Authentication - This is end user authentication using HTTPS (HTTP over SSL). This mechanism uses public key encryption, which requires the user to possess a Public Key Certificate (PKC). This is the highest level security of the four here.• Form Based Authentication - This is similar to Basic except that a form is used with predefined fields. These fields must be named j_username and j_password, respectively and the form method and action must be named POST and j_security_check, respectively
What is a healthy A1C range for someone without diabetes?
Experts agree that a normal A1c for someone without diabetes is between 4%-6%; anything above that should be considered a sign of diabetes. But exactly where you should be on that scale is debated and the recommendations for target A1c levels vary. For instance, the American Diabetes Association recently changed its recommended A1c from under 8% to 7% or below. Meanwhile, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) recommends an even lower number of less than 6.5%.
What is the flow of charge through a conductor?
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONThe rapid decline of livestock industry in Nigeria has been the concern of government, scientists and researchers. Despite all the measures taken by the government to proffer solution to the problems, no significant improvement has been made Milked (2005).The high cost of feed ingredient has resulted to increase cost in rabbit production. Most of the ingredients used to formulate rabbit feeds are also been consumed by man, e.g. soya beans, groundnut cake, maize etc. As a result of this, increase in feed cost and a high competition between man and rabbit, there is therefore the need to source for alternative feeds that could adequately supply nutrient and at the same time reduce cost Oyedapo(2000).Maize grain is the major source of energy in rabbit feeds in Nigeria usually accounting for over 40% of the diet (Adegbola and Okonko 2002; Bamgbose et al 2004). There is need to search for byproduct and crop wastes with a view to findings feed supplements which can maintain physiological balance and enhance livestock productivity.A lot of research work has been conducted in Nigeria in an effort to substitute maize with cheaper and readily available ingredient in order to reduce cost and over dependence on the feedstuff for rabbit feeding. Thus, cassava peel meal by (Agunbiade et al 2002), cassava leaf meal by Adegbola and Okwonko 2002), bread waste meal by ( Dairo et al 2005), and rumen content by( Dairo and Ojekale 2004).these have been replaced with maize in the rabbit diets with moderate result among many other similar studies. However, there is a paucity of information on the utilization of cocoa waste in rabbit.Many agricultural byproducts can be fed to animals. Generally, byproduct to be used as feed stuffs should be economical dense in nutrients and free of toxin or other substance that may be unhealthy for the animals.It is important to determine whether the byproduct being considered for animal feeds are appropriate to the needs and conditions of specific feeding situation. This work therefore aimed at determining the economics of production of rabbit fed maize replaced with cocoa industrial waste diet.CHAPTER TWO2.0 LITERATURE REVIEWOrigin and Distribution of RabbitRabbit live in many areas around the world. More than half of the world rabbit's population resides in North America. They are native to south Western Europe, south East Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan and in some part of Africa and South America.They are not naturally found in most of Europe, Asia where a number of species of hares are present. Rabbit first entered South America relatively as part of the great America interchange. Most of the continent has just one species of rabbit the Tapeti, while most of south America's, southern cone is without rabbits. The European rabbit has been introduced to many places around the world, Brown (2001).Recently rabbits have introduced to West African countries as a farm animal of various economic importance's Brown (2001). This is because rabbit meat has been found to be nutritious. Apart from meat it also raised for wool. Rabbit's furs are used in making winter clothing's in temperate region Habitats (2009).2.1 Non-Conventional Feed Resources Used In Animal feed to Replaced Maize.Cocoa bean is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of Threobroma cacao, from which cocoa solids and cocoa butter are extracted. They are the basis of chocolate as well as many Mesosause and Tejate (Wikipedia 2006).A large number of agro-industrial byproduct forest waste, aquatic herbage and animal wastes which have been identified, processed and used for feeding of farm animals are designated as a group of unconventional feeds. Example includes sugar Kane, cassava chips, blood meal, corn bran, maize bran, rice bran, discarded biscuits, bakery waste, and copra cake others are citrus pulp, yeast wheat bran, distillers soluble, sugar beet pulp, brewer's grains, molasses, cocoa pod husk, cocoa industrial waste.2.2 Agricultural By-Products and Wastes Used In Monogastric Diet.Agricultural byproduct and wastes available for feeding monogastric animals can be divided in to three main groups based on their sources. There are those of animal, plant and industrial origin.2.2.1 Animal by ProductsThese are the animal's byproducts: blood, bone, intestine, rumen content, animal hair, stomach offal, horns, hooves, carcasses of animal disqualified by the veterinary service. Dairy byproducts as well as tannery byproducts are included in this group. Animal and poultry manure which are currently used as feed ingredients can also be included in this group Kazimerz (2003).2.2.2 By-Product of Plant OriginBy-product from milling industry examples include bran , waste flour, waste resulting from cleaning process corn and rye germs, hull of some seed e.g. peas, soya bean, oil yield rape, sun flower, flax and fatty acids.2.2.3 By-Product from IndustriesBy-product from industries are brewers, yeast, bacteria, fungi, biomass, spent grain, sprout in breweries, cassava peel etc.2.3 Economic Importance of By-ProductGenerally feed accounts for up to 80% of total cost of raising animals (Ikan et al, 2001). As a result of this high cost of feed, there is need to source for alternative feed ingredients to replace the conventional one's and be able to release protein for animals.Layers faeces a waste product from poultry contain appreciable amount of protein (21-23%) which even surpassed that of maize (9-10%), (Kazimerz, 2003). Several animals waste product, by-product from plant, industrial waste have been rendered into valuable protein supplement for partial or complete substitution for the expensive conventional feed stuffs in livestock diet without having adverse effect on performance there by reducing feed cost (Abdulmalik et al., 1994).2.4 Nutritional value of waste and by product of cocoa.The result of trial who reported an improvement of 7.23% in milk production compared to the control diet when 50% of cocoa shell were used in the ration of rabbit. Deflated cocoa cake, a by-product of the cocoa fermentation process, was evaluated as a direct feed in the monosex culture of Tilapia quineenis (Dumeril).Experimental yield trails were compared with two types of controls: a locally manufactured fish diet and an unmanaged system. Survival of the fish ranged from 90.21 to 93.13%. At harvest, average net yields were 2310.00, 1707.50 and 1133.13kg/ha. From the fish diet treatment, cocoa cake treatment and unmanaged system respectively. Feed conversion values (based on dry matter inputs) averaged 5.12 and 2.30 for the fish fed the cocoa cave and fish diet, respectively. Analysis of the stomach contents of fish from the experimental pond showed that cocoa cake was utilized directly as feed (Oyedepo, 2000).2.5 Dry Matter Content (%) And Proximate Chemical Composition (% of Dry Matter) Of Cocoa ShellNUTRIENT COCOA SHELL COCOA DUSTDRY MATTER 97.5 94.5 CRUDE PROTEIN 16.0 13 8 CRUDE FIBRE 58.0 61.0 ETHER EXTRACT 19.0 22.0 ORGANIC MATTER 92.5 96.5 GROSS ENERGY 23.4 22.6Mg/Kg MDASH 7.5 3.5Adopted from Areghore, 2002.2.6 Digestibility Values of Rabbit Fed Concentrates Combined With Grass and LegumeIyeghe-Erakpotor et al.,(2005) evaluated concentrate, grass, and legume combinations on performance and nutrient digestibility of grower rabbits under tropical conditions. The results showed a high digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and ether extract indicating that the rabbit were able to utilize nutrients in the high forage and low concentrate combinations used for growth. The unique advantage of by-product or waste product is that they are inexpensive, source of available nutrient needed by the livestock e.g. energy, protein, minerals and vitamins.Owosibo(2008) evaluated the effect of partial replacement of maize with cocoa bean shell for growing snail for 20 weeks. There were five treatments and the diets contain 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and10.0% cocoa bean shell in partial replacement of maize. The results showed that the shell width increment and mean weekly shell thickness increment were not affected by inclusion of cocoa bean shell in the diet of snail.2.7 Risk Related To the Consumption of Waste and By-Product of CocoaTheobromine is a key anti-nutritional content (Alexander et al., 2008). Theobromine presence in the waste and by-product of cocoa could be a factor limiting their intake. Cocoa beans and shells contain theobromine an alkaloid poisonous to animals, which limits their use for feeding animals (F.A.O, 2002). The level of thobromine is very low in the cocoa pod or cocoa waste from industry which has been roasted.Meffaja et al., (2006) reported jimson weed, seed meal which contain alkaloid toxic to animal, and cocoa shell meal which contains theobromine also toxic to animals were used in experiment with broilers to determine relative toxicity(F.A.O,2002). Pure theobromine was added to diet to furnish the same levels as furnished by 1, 2, 4 and 6% dietary. Cocoa shell meal which contained by analysis 1.3% theobromine was somewhat less toxic to chicks than furnished by cocoa shell meal.2.8 Composition of Some Non Conventional FeedstuffsFEEDSTUFF CRUDE PROTEIN(%) ETHER EXTRACT(%) CRUDE FIBRE (%) ENERGY kcal/kg MatterNEEM LEAVE 17.5 4.2 12.3 752COCOA SHELL 16.0 19.0 58.0 23.4AMARANTH SEEDS 16.0 0.2 5.5 922SOYA BEAN TESTSA 16.6 4.0 25.4 2096COWPEA TESTA 17.0 2.6 20.3 1005MELON PULP 8.6 4.3 31.1 1148PLANTAIN PULP 4.1 0.6 0.1 1004PALM OIL SHIDGE 9.0 31.5 12.9 GE4900EPOS 4.3 53.2 7.5 5680Composition of Cassava FeedstuffFEEDSTUFF CRUDE PROTEIN (%) ETHER EXTRACT(%) CRUDE FIBRE(%) ENERGY kcal/kg MatterMEAL SIEVING 0.8 1.5 9.0 1787FERMENTED CHAFF 1.4 1.1 10.2 3426PEEL MEAL 2.2 1.1 4.3 2460YAM PEEL MEAL 6.4 5.0 7.3 1367YAM MEAL SEIVING 3.5 1.0 5.0 2115Composition of Maize FeedstuffFEEDSTUFF CRUDE PROTEIN (%) ETHER EXTRACT(%) CRUDE FIBRE(%) ENERGY kcal/kg MatterFRESH 16.8 7.8 4.2 1642SUNDRIED 14.7 3.8 5.7 3305OVEN DRIED WHITE 16.8 2.7 6.0 GE4758OVEN DRIED YELLOW 17.2 5.2 6.5 GE4780MILLET 18.0 7.3 6.5 GE4417SORGHUM 29.4 9.5 8.2 GE5474Composition of Blood Meal MixtureFEEDSTUFF CRUDE PROTEIN (%) ETHER EXTRACT(%) CRUDE FIBRE(%) ENERGY kcal/kg MatterRICE BRAN/BLOOD 25.6 - 21.3 -MAIZE COB/BLOOD 28.9 - 19.5 -PKC/BLOOD 38.5 5.0 - -FISH BYPRODUCT 44.3 29.1 0.0 GE055Soniya E.B (1989)Key word:EPOS = EVAPORATED PALM OIL SLUDGEPKC = PALM KERNEL CAKEGE = GROOS ENERGY DERTERMINED BY BOMB CALORIMETTER2.9 Feed Ingredients Available For Rabbit in NigeriaRabbit have potential as a meat producing animals in the tropics to their characteristics such as small body size, short generation interval, rapid growth rate and ability to utilize forage or agricultural byproducts. the waste from products grading before selling to the market, such as vegetable waste, are utilize as feed resources for rabbit and the manure from the animals could be used as an organic fertilizer for crops Milkled (2005).Feed ingredient available in Nigeria for feeding rabbits can be classified in to four types. Despite the fact that the list below appears in four main classes, most of these will also provide other nutrient.ENERGY SOURCE : this include maize, cassava , guinea corn, maize brain, pito mash ,yam, potato and banana peeling s, garbage, molasses, oil palm, slurry, dried bakery waste products, dried fruit pulp and peelings, corn cob, cocoa pod husk, cocoa industrial waste and coffee pulp. E.T.CPROTEIN SOURCE : example in this group include fishmeal, groundnut , copra cake cotton seed cake, soya bean meal, dried spent yeast, blood meal, meat meal, hatchery waste, discarded skimmed milk powder , feather meal, palm kernel meal, cassava foliage meal etc .MINERAL SOURCE: mineral source are common salt, bone meal, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell, calcium carbonate and commercial trace mineral supplements.VITAMIN SOURCE: examples are fish meal, green forage, yeast, yellow maize and commercial vitamin supplements.2.10 Recommended Chemical Composition of Feeds For Rearing Rabbits Of Different Categories.Component of Feed Assumed To Contain (39%) young rabbit 4-12 wks lactating do Petri weaning mixed maternity fattenCrude protein (%) 16 18 15 17Digestive protein (%) 11.5 13.5 10.8 12.4Methionine + cystine (%) 0.6 0.60 0.55 0.60Lysine (%) 0.70 0.90 0.65 0.70Arginine (%) 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.90Threonine (%) 0.55 0.70 0.55 0.6Kelleins and church (2006)2.11 Wild and Cultivated Fodders Suitable For Rabbit Feed.A part from cocoa industrial waste rabbit can also utilize wild and cultivated fodders. The following information only concern plants that have been positively tested in station feed. They are listed under their Latin names.FOA (1982)AL YSICARPUS VAGINALIS: A one- leaf clover distributed ad lib to growing rabbit as a supplement to concentrates gave performance not significantly different from the control. This plant, grown in South America, is a good source of protein FAO (1982)Amaranthus spp. this forage has a been tried out in Malawi to supplement a concentrate containing 39.5 percent grain maize 26 percent maize brain, 34percent groundnut oil cake and 0.5percent table salt. Reproduction and growth were satisfactory: 20 rabbits per doe per year; growth of 15g per day from four to sixteen weeks. Amaranthus is routinely fed to rabbits at the Bunda Agricultural College in Lilongwe, Malawi modern hybrid verities conventional grown feeding rabbits F.A.O (1982)Arachis hypogaea. Groundnut oil cake is a high protein feed (50percent). It can be used for feed when not over polluted by aflatoxins. The whole groundnut can also be fed, but this puts the rabbits in to direct competition with people for food so this solution should only be consider Under exceptional circumstances . Groundnut tops provide green fodder and with a high protein content. This is the conventional use at bobo-dioulase centre in Burkina Faso. The tops can also be used after harvest, but their protein content is less; about 15 percent before the groundnuts are removed and less than 10 percent after threshing. The proteins in both the top and the groundnut cake lack the essential sulphur amino acid.Brachiaria mutica: fed to breeding doe in the philipines, para grass has proved far more satisfactory than elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) or guinea grass (panicum maximum).however, its low protein content (10 to 13 percent) requires a nitrogen supplement (legume, supplementary feed) (F.A.O, 1982).Cucurbita foetidissima: growing naturally in the semi-desert area of northern Mexico, this member of the gourd family has an enormous root that is 65 percent starch. The crushed root is sun-dried in two or three days and as much as 30% can be added to the balanced concentrate in place of grain sorghum for breeding and fattening rabbits.-trials at the University of Chihuahua in Mexico demonstrated no toxic effect (FAO, 1982)Ipomoea batatas: sweet potatoes are good sources of energy (70% starch content). For human consumption can easily be grown in a family garden. Surplus or special grown crops could be used as energy feed for rabbits. The tops when well developed are also a valuable feed because of their high protein content 16-20%. Sweet potato is used as forage for rabbits in Mauritius, Guadeloupe and Martinique, mainly backyard rabbitries. A trial in Mozambique produced a good performance with sweet potato leaves as a dietary supplement. They are highly digestible and trials in many tropical countries have confirmed the nutritional value of sweet potato tops. (FAO, 1982)Musa spp.: rabbits can be fed on commercial banana rejects. Bananas are rich in energy and poor in protein (5or6%) and must be supplemented. Rabbit breeders used banana rejects in various African countries and in Guadeloupe and Martinique. The leaves can also be used as green forage (Cameroon, Zambia, Guadeloupe and Martinique). Their protein content is 10-11% of the dry matter. Data are available on the leaves as a rabbit feed, but not on the stems. They contain only 1.5-2% protein and with 70% nitrogen -free extract could make useful energy feed. Banana peels can also be used to replace up to 35% of the concentrate for growing rabbits. (FAO, 1982)CHAPTER THREE3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS3.1 Sources and Preparation of SamplesThe cocoa industrial waste was collected from Ile-Oluji cocoa processing Company Ondo State. The sample was sun-dried for 2-3days.then dried samples was ground and packed in sacks and store at room temperature. Other ingredients used include: maize, soya beans, wheat offal, were purchased at Oka Akinwekomi feed mill Ondo Town. Twenty five weaned rabbits of mixed sexes were used for the experiment. The animal with an average weight of 0.8kg was randomly allocated in to five dietary treatments with six replicated. This Research Was Carried Out In Adeyemi College of Education Teaching and Research Farm. The rabbits were housed in a large wooden wire mesh cages. The cage further partitioned in to 25 separate mini cages such that each hutch consist one rabbits. The hutch was made in such a way that faeces and urine fall freely to the floor out of the reach of animal for resting or sleeping. The cage were arrange in a pen whose wall was made of block as a base and the upper part made of wire mesh to permit flow of air and ventilation as well as lightening. The pen was roofed with corrugated iron sheet.3.2 Experimental DietsFive experimental diets were formulated such that maize was replaced with cocoa industrial waste at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels.TABLE 1: Composition of Experimental Diets in PercentageLevels of ReplacementFEED 0 25 50 75 100MAIZE 32.00 24.00 16.00 8.00 -COCOA WASTE - 8.00 16.00 24.00 32.00WHEAT OFFAL 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00CORN BRAN 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50SOYA BEAN MEAL 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0PALM KERNEL 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50FISH MEAL 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00BORN MEAL 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50VITAMIN PREMIX 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25SALT 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25TOTAL 100 100 100 100 1003.3 Feeding and Routine ManagementThe initial weights of the animal were taken before introducing them to their experimental diets. The experimental rabbits were offered growers pellet mash for one week which servers as adaptation week after which the animals were distributed in to their various treatments. Water and weighted feeds were offered to the rabbit twice daily at 8.00am and 4.00pm. coccidiostat ( ebazin forth) was included in their drinking water (1g 1 litre ) to prevent diarrhea and coccidiosis and it was given for 3days interval for 3weeks. Water was supplied in stainless plate and feeds in wooden container that were well constructed in order to avoid tipping over by the animals. The left over were removed every morning before new feeds and fresh water were given. The records of feed offered and left over were kept daily in order to estimate the amount of feed consumed by the rabbits per day.The cemented floor of the pen housing the cage was clean every day for control of diseases causing micro organisms. The animals were weighed on a weekly basis throughout the duration of 8 weeks experimental period.3.7 Data AnalysisThe data collected were subjected to analysis of variance in a (completely randomized design) while different means were separated using. Duncan multiple range test with aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 13CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONTABLE: 1 Effect Of Feeding Rabbit With Maize Replaced With Cocoa Industrial Waste Diet On Economic Of Production.Levels of ReplacementPARAMETERS 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% SEMTotal feed consumed 4.28a 4.51 a 4.53 a 4.67 a 4.94 a 0.10Weekly feed consumed 534.72 a 563.46 a 566.39 a 584.27 a 618.71 a 12.29Daily feed consumed 76.39a 80.49 a 80.91 a 83.47 a 88.93 a 1.76Initial weight gain 0.76 a 0.82 a 0.77 a 0.90 a 0.86 a 0.07Final weight gain 1.64 a 1.37 a 1.63 a 1.58 a 1.29 a 0.09Total weight gain 0.88b 0.53 a 0.84b 0.68ab 0.43a 0.05Weekly weight gain 110.20 b 66.40a 105.20b 85.40ab 53.80a 6.57Daily weight gain 15.80b 11.00ab 15.00b 12.40ab 8.20a 0.86Feed gain ratio 5.29a 7.64b 5.70ab 7.00 ab 11.09c 0.05Feed efficiency 0.20c 0.14ab 0.19bc 0.15bc 0.09a 0.01Price per kg 433.80a 583.60bc 404.00a 456.20ab 61.60c 27.85Price per kg of feed 82.03 76.43 70.83 65.83 59.63 -Value within rows carrying different superscript differ significantly (p 0.05 ),and this result is in agreement with Areghore (2002) who discovered that animal consuming cocoa industrial waste might not have difficulty in lowering the gastric pH ,thus improving digestibility and utilization.No significant (p>0.50) effect was also noticed in the initial weight gain and final weight gain for the animal across the diet which is in agreement with the result of Oyedapo (2000) that feeding animal with cocoa industrial waste did not significant (p0.05) for the rabbits fed on 25% and 100%. Cocoa industrial waste replaced with maize diets which significantly different (p
What are some cities whose names begin with p?
Ok here is quite a lot as you didn't write how many you needed!PBJ PAAMA Vanuatu PAA PA-AN Myanmar PFC PACIFIC CITY STATE United States PHR PACIFIC HARBOUR DUEBA Fiji PDG PADANG TABING Indonesia PAD PADERBORN / LIPPSTADT Germany PAH PADUCAH BARKLEY United States PFA PAF WARREN United States PAG PAGADIAN Philippines PGA PAGE United States PPG PAGO PAGO INTL American Samoa PGO PAGOSA SPRINGS STEVENS United States PHK PAHOKEE CO GLADES United States PLE PAIELA Papua New Guinea PAI PAILIN Cambodia PMU PAIMIUT United States PVZ PAINESVILLE United States PKL PAKATOA New Zealand (Aotearoa) PKK PAKOKKU Myanmar PKS PAKSANE Laos PKZ PAKSE Laos YIF PAKUASHIPI Canada PAF PAKUBA Uganda PLF PALA Chad PCH PALACIOS Honduras PSX PALACIOS United States PLQ PALANGA Lithuania PKY PALANGKARAYA PANARUNG Indonesia PAL PALANQUERO Colombia PLM PALEMBANG BADARUDDIN Indonesia PQM PALENQUE Mexico PMO PALERMO PUNTA RAIS Italy PLI PALM ISLAND Saint Vincent and the Grenadines PMK PALM ISLAND Australia PSP PALM SPRINGS United States UDD PALM SPRINGS BERMUDA United States LMZ PALMA Mozambique PMI PALMA Spain PMZ PALMAR PALMAR SUR Costa Rica PTM PALMARITO Venezuela PMW PALMAS Brazil PMD PALMDALE/LANCASTER AFB United States WJF PALMDALE/LANCASTER FOX United States PAQ PALMER United States PMX PALMER METRO United States PMR PALMERSTON NORTH New Zealand (Aotearoa) PMS PALMYRA Syria PAO PALO ALTO United States OEM PALOEMEU V. FAYKS Suriname PLW PALU MUTIARA Indonesia XPA PAMA PANGIA Burkina Faso PAW PAMBWA Papua New Guinea PAY PAMOL Malaysia PPA PAMPA LEFORS FLD United States PNA PAMPLONA NOAIN Spain PFN PANAMA CITY CITY BAY United States PTY PANAMA CITY INTL Panama PAC PANAMA CITY PAITILLA Panama PAM PANAMA CITY TYNDALL AFB United States PDE PANDIE PANDIE Australia PGN PANGIA Papua New Guinea PKN PANGKALANBUUN Indonesia PGK PANGKALPINANG Indonesia PKG PANGKOR Malaysia YXP PANGNIRTUNG Canada PGB PANGOA Papua New Guinea PNU PANGUITCH MUNICIPAL United States PJG PANJGUR Pakistan PNL PANTELLERIA Italy PGH PANTNAGAR India WPO PAONIA United States PSV PAPA STOUR Great Britain (UK) PPW PAPA WESTRAY Great Britain (UK) PPT PAPEETE FAAA French Polynesia PFO PAPHOS INTL Cyprus PPU PAPUN Myanmar PAJ PARA CHINAR Pakistan PBO PARABURDOO Australia YDE PARADISE RIVER Canada PGR PARAGOULD MUNICIPAL United States PKO PARAKOU Benin PPX PARAM Papua New Guinea PMT PARAMAKATOI Guyana ORG PARAMARIBO Z EN HOOP Suriname PBM PARAMARIBO ZANDERIJ Suriname PRA PARANA Argentina PNG PARANAGUA MUNICIPAL Brazil PBB PARANAIBA Brazil PVI PARANAVAI Brazil PPQ PARAPARAUMU New Zealand (Aotearoa) PRS PARASI Solomon Islands PRD PARDOO Australia PIN PARINTINS Brazil PHT PARIS United States PRX PARIS United States CDG PARIS DE GAULLE France PAR PARIS DE GAULLE France JDP PARIS HELIPORT DE PARIS France JPU PARIS LA DEFENSE France LBG PARIS LE BOURGET France ORY PARIS ORLY France PKF PARK FALLS United States PKD PARK RAPIDS United States PKB PARKERSBURG WOOD CTY United States PKE PARKES Australia KPK PARKS United States PMF PARMA Italy PHB PARNAIBA SANTOS DMT Brazil PDN PARNDANA Australia PBH PARO Bhutan PAS PAROS Greece YPD PARRY SOUND Canada PPF PARSONS United States PRR PARUIMA Guyana JPD PASADENA HLPT United States PSC PASCO TRI CITIES United States PPR PASIR PANGARAYAN Indonesia PSI PASNI Pakistan PCG PASO CABALLOS Guatemala AOL PASO DE LOS LIBRES Argentina PRB PASO ROBLES United States IXT PASSIGHAT India PFB PASSO FUNDO L KURTZ Brazil PSW PASSOS Brazil PTZ PASTAZA Ecuador PSO PASTO CANO Colombia JPJ PATERSON HLPT United States IXP PATHANKOT India PAT PATNA India PTO PATO BRANCO MUNICIPAL Brazil GPA PATRAS ARAXOS Greece PFJ PATREKSFJORDUR Iceland PAN PATTANI Thailand PYX PATTAYA Thailand LTW PATUXENT/LEONARDTOWN ST. MARY'S United States PUF PAU UZEIN France PAU PAUK Myanmar YPC PAULATUK Canada PAV PAULO AFONSO Brazil KPH PAULOFF HARBOR United States PWQ PAVLODAR Kazakhstan PWI PAWI BELES Ethiopia PYN PAYAN Colombia PDU PAYSANDU Uruguay PJB PAYSON United States PZA PAZ DE ARIPORO CASANARE Colombia YPE PEACE RIVER Canada PGS PEACH SPRINGS United States YPO PEAWANUCK Canada PEB PEBANE Mozambique PEX PECHORA Russian Federation PEQ PECOS United States PDZ PEDERNALES Venezuela PDB PEDRO BAY United States PJC PEDRO JUAN CABALLERO AMAMBAY Paraguay PEH PEHUAJO Argentina PKU PEKANBARU SIMPANG Indonesia PEL PELANENG Lesotho PEC PELICAN United States PLR PELL CITY ST. CLAIR United States PLN PELLSTON EMMET CTY United States YUF PELLY BAY DEWLINE Canada YBB PELLY BAY TOWNSITE Canada PET PELOTAS FEDERAL Brazil POL PEMBA Mozambique PMA PEMBA ISLAND WAWI Tanzania PMB PEMBINA INTERMEDAT United States YTA PEMBROKE Canada PEN PENANG INTL Malaysia YPT PENDER HARBOR Canada PDT PENDLETON United States PDO PENDOPO Indonesia PEA PENNESHAW Australia PEY PENONG Australia PYE PENRHYN ISLAND Cook Islands NDP PENSACOLA ELLYSON NAS United States NPA PENSACOLA PENSACOLA NAS United States PNS PENSACOLA REGIONAL United States NUN PENSACOLA SAUFLEY NAS United States YYF PENTICTON Canada PEZ PENZA Russian Federation PZE PENZANCE Great Britain (UK) PIA PEORIA GTR PEORIA United States PEP PEPPIMENARTI Australia PPH PERAITEPUY Venezuela PEI PEREIRA MATECANA Colombia PGX PERIGUEUX France PMQ PERITO MORENO Argentina PEE PERM Russian Federation PGF PERPIGNAN LLABANERE France FPY PERRY FOLEY United States PYL PERRY ISLAND United States KPV PERRYVILLE United States PER PERTH Australia PSL PERTH Great Britain (UK) ZXP PERTH SCOTRAIL Great Britain (UK) VYS PERU IL VALLEY United States PEG PERUGIA SANTEGIDIO Italy PSR PESCARA LIBERI Italy PEW PESHAWAR Pakistan YWA PETAWAWA Canada YPQ PETERBOROUGH Canada PGC PETERSBURG United States PTB PETERSBURG United States FLE PETERSBURG FORT LEE AAF United States PSG PETERSBURG MUNICIPAL United States PNF PETERSON'S POINT United States PNZ PETROLINA INTL Brazil PPK PETROPAVLOVSK Kazakhstan PKC PETROPAVLOVSK-KAMCHATSKY APT Russian Federation PES PETROZAVODSK Russian Federation PWE PEVEK Russian Federation UPF PFORHEIM Germany PHW PHALABORWA HLNDRICK South Africa PHA PHAN RANG Viet Nam PHH PHAN THIET Viet Nam PMM PHANOM SARAKHAM Thailand PPL PHAPLU Nepal PHZ PHI PHI ISLAND Thailand ZTY PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON 30TH ST RR United States ILG PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON GRT WILM United States PHL PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON INTL United States MUV PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON MUSTIN ALF United States PNE PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON NO. PHIL. United States PSQ PHILADELPHIA PA/WILM'TON SPB United States PHP PHILIP United States PZL PHINDA ZULU INYAL South Africa PHS PHITSANULOK Thailand PNH PHNOM PENH Cambodia OMY PHNOM THBENG MEANCHEY Cambodia DVT PHOENIX DEER VALLY United States PHX PHOENIX INTL United States LUF PHOENIX LUKE AFB United States SCF PHOENIX SCOTTSDALE United States PRH PHRAE Thailand HBN PHUBON Viet Nam HKT PHUKET INTL Thailand VSO PHUOC LONG Viet Nam PQC PHUQUOC DUONG/DONG Viet Nam PHU PHU-VINH Viet Nam PCU PICAYUNE United States LQK PICKENS United States YPL PICKLE LAKE Canada PIX PICO ISLAND Portugal PCS PICOS Brazil PCN PICTON KOROMIKO New Zealand (Aotearoa) PDS PIEDRAS NEGRAS Mexico PIR PIERRE United States PZY PIESTANY Slovak Republic PZB PIETERMARITZBURG South Africa PTG PIETERSBURG South Africa LPJ PIJIGUAOS Venezuela YPM PIKANGIKUM Canada PIW PIKWITONEI Canada PIL PILAR Paraguay PIP PILOT POINT United States UGB PILOT POINT UGASHIK United States PQS PILOT STATION United States PMP PIMAGA Papua New Guinea PBQ PIMENTA BUENO Brazil WPC PINCHER CREEK Canada PDI PINDIU Papua New Guinea PBF PINE BLUFF United States PIC PINE CAY Turks and Caicos Islands ZPO PINE HOUSE Canada PIM PINE MOUNTAIN HARRIS United States YPP PINE POINT Canada XPR PINE RIDGE United States SOP PINEHURST United States PHI PINHEIRO Brazil PNO PINOTEPA NACIONAL Mexico PIQ PIPILLIPAI Guyana PSA PISA G. GALILEI Italy PIO PISCO Peru PTX PITALITO Colombia PIG PITINGA Brazil PWN PITTS TOWN Bahamas PTS PITTSBURG United States AGC PITTSBURGH ALLEGHENY United States CVA PITTSBURGH CIVIC AR HELI United States PIT PITTSBURGH INTL United States PSF PITTSFIELD United States PIU PIURA Peru PVF PLACERVILLE United States PVW PLAINVIEW United States PLA PLANADAS Colombia PLC PLANETA RICA Colombia PTU PLATINUM United States PLT PLATO Colombia PBG PLATTSBURGH AFB United States PLB PLATTSBURGH CLINTON United States PCM PLAYA DEL CARMEN Mexico PLD PLAYA SAMARA Costa Rica PYC PLAYON CHICO Panama PTR PLEASANT HARBOR United States JBS PLEASANTON HACINDA HP United States PXU PLEIKU Viet Nam PWD PLENTYWOOD SHERWOOD United States PBZ PLETTENBERG South Africa PVN PLEVEN Bulgaria PDV PLOVDIV Bulgaria PLH PLYMOUTH Great Britain (UK) PLY PLYMOUTH United States PYM PLYMOUTH United States PUP PO Burkina Faso POH POCAHONTAS United States PIH POCATELLO United States PUH POCHUTLA Mexico POO POCOS DE CALDAS Brazil TGD PODGORICA GOLUBOVCI Yugoslavia POD PODOR Senegal KPO POHANG Korea (South) PNI POHNPEI Micronesia KPB POINT BAKER United States PBA POINT BARROW United States PHO POINT HOPE United States PIZ POINT LAY United States PLK POINT LOOKOUT M.G. CLARK United States PTP POINTE A PITRE LE RAIZET Guadeloupe PNR POINTE NOIRE Congo YNL POINTS NORTH LANDING Canada PIS POITIERS BIARD France PKR POKHARA Nepal PXL POLACCA United States POQ POLK INLET United States PLV POLTAVA Ukraine PYJ POLYARNYJ Russian Federation PUM POMALAA Indonesia PPM POMPANO BEACH United States PNC PONCA CITY United States PSE PONCE MERCEDITA Puerto Rico YIO POND INLET Canada PNY PONDICHERRY India PCB PONDOK CABE Indonesia PDL PONTA DELGADA NORDELA Portugal PGZ PONTA GROSSA SANT'ANA Brazil PLL PONTA PELADA Brazil PMG PONTA PORA INTL Brazil PTK PONTIAC United States PNK PONTIANAK SUPADIO Indonesia POX PONTOISE VEXIN France PNQ POONA LOHEGAON India PPN POPAYAN MACHANGARA Colombia PVY POPE VANOY United States POF POPLAR BLUFF MEMORIAL United States YHP POPLAR HILL Canada XPP POPLAR RIVER Canada PNP POPONDETTA GIRUA Papua New Guinea PON POPTUN Guatemala PBD PORBANDAR India PCK PORCUPINE CREEK United States PRE PORE Colombia RGE PORGERA Papua New Guinea POR PORI Finland PMV PORLAMAR DEL CARIBE Venezuela YPB PORT ALBERNI Canada PTD PORT ALEXANDER United States AFD PORT ALFRED South Africa PTC PORT ALICE United States PTA PORT ALSWORTH United States CLM PORT ANGELES FAIRCHILD United States POT PORT ANTONIO Jamaica PTL PORT ARMSTRONG United States PAP PORT AU PRINCE MAIS GATE Haiti PUG PORT AUGUSTA PAGAS Australia KPY PORT BAILEY United States WPB PORT BERGE Madagascar IXZ PORT BLAIR India KPC PORT CLARENCE United States PTI PORT DOUGLAS Australia BQU PORT ELIZABETH BEQUIA Saint Vincent and the Grenadines PLZ PORT ELIZABETH VERWOERD South Africa PFD PORT FREDERICK United States POG PORT GENTIL Gabon PGM PORT GRAHAM United States PHC PORT HARCOURT Nigeria YZT PORT HARDY Canada YPS PORT HAWKESBURY Canada PHE PORT HEDLAND Australia PTH PORT HEIDEN United States YHA PORT HOPE SIMPSON Canada PHJ PORT HUNTER Australia PHN PORT HURON United States PRF PORT JOHNSON United States PKM PORT KAITUMA Guyana PKT PORT KEATS Australia PLO PORT LINCOLN Australia ORI PORT LIONS United States PQQ PORT MACQUARIE Australia YMP PORT MCNEIL SPB Canada YPN PORT MENIER Canada PML PORT MOLLER United States POM PORT MORESBY JACKSON Papua New Guinea PRL PORT OCEANIC United States POS PORT OF SPAIN PIARCO Trinidad and Tobago PPI PORT PIRIE Australia PPV PORT PROTECTION KETCHIKAN United States YIX PORT RADIUM Canada PSD PORT SAID EL BAMEL Egypt JOH PORT SAINT JOHNS South Africa PJS PORT SAN JUAN United States YPI PORT SIMPSON Canada PSY PORT STANLEY Falkland Islands (Malvinas) PTE PORT STEPHENS Australia PZU PORT SUDAN Sudan TWD PORT TOWNSEND United States VLI PORT VILA BAUERFIELD Vanuatu PWR PORT WALTER United States KPR PORT WILLIAMS United States PCA PORTAGE CREEK United States YPG PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE Canada PAX PORT-DE-PAIX Haiti PTV PORTERVILLE United States PRM PORTIMAO PENINA Portugal PTJ PORTLAND Australia PDX PORTLAND INTL United States PWM PORTLAND INTL United States OPO PORTO Portugal PGP PORTO ALEGRE Sao Tome and Principe POA PORTO ALEGRE SALGADO Brazil PBN PORTO AMBOIM Angola PTQ PORTO DE MOZ Brazil PKH PORTO KHELI ALEXION Greece PNB PORTO NACIONAL Brazil PXO PORTO SANTO Portugal BPS PORTO SEGURO Brazil PVH PORTO VELHO BELMONTE Brazil POW PORTOROZ Slovenia PVO PORTOVIEJO Ecuador PME PORTSMOUTH Great Britain (UK) PMH PORTSMOUTH United States PSM PORTSMOUTH PEASE AFB United States WPR PORVENIR Chile PSS POSADAS Argentina PSJ POSO Indonesia YSO POSTVILLE Canada RKR POTEAU R.S. KERR United States POI POTOSI Bolivia PTW POTTSTOWN LIMERICK United States POU POUGHKEEPSIE DUTCHESS United States PUL POULSBO United States PUV POUM New Caledonia YPX POVUNGNITUK Canada POY POWELL United States WPL POWELL LAKE Canada PPO POWELL POINT Bahamas YPW POWELL RIVER Canada PAZ POZA RICA TAJIN Mexico POZ POZNAN LAWICA Poland PDF PRADO Brazil PRG PRAGUE RUZYNE Czech Republic RAI PRAIA F. MENDES Cape Verde PCD PRAIRIE DU CHIEN MUNICIPAL United States PRI PRASLIN IS. Seychelles PTT PRATT United States PRW PRENTICE United States PRV PREROV Czech Republic PRQ PRES. ROQUE SAENZ PENA Argentina PRC PRESCOTT United States PDR PRESIDENTE DUTRA Brazil PPB PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE A BARROS Brazil POV PRESOV Czech Republic PQI PRESQUE ISLE United States PST PRESTON Cuba HPR PRETORIA CENTRAL HPR South Africa HIC PRETORIA ISCOR HELIPORT South Africa PRY PRETORIA WONDERBOOM South Africa PVK PREVEZA/LEFKAS AKTION Greece PUC PRICE United States PRK PRIESKA South Africa YPA PRINCE ALBERT Canada YXS PRINCE GEORGE Canada ZSW PRINCE RUPERT COVE Canada YPR PRINCE RUPERT DIGBY IS Canada PCT PRINCETON United States PNN PRINCETON United States ZZR PRINCETON P JCT TRN United States HPV PRINCEVILLE United States PCP PRINCIPE IS. Sao Tome and Principe PRZ PRINEVILLE United States PRN PRISTINA Yugoslavia PGG PROGRESSO Brazil PRU PROME Myanmar PRP PROPRIANO France PPP PROSERPINE Australia PPC PROSPECT CREEK United States PVX PROVEDENIA Russian Federation PVD PROVIDENCE T. FRANCIS United States PVA PROVIDENCIA Colombia PLS PROVIDENCIALES INTL Turks and Caicos Islands PVS PROVIDENIYA Russian Federation PVC PROVINCETOWN United States PVU PROVO United States SCC PRUDHOE BAY/DEADHORSE United States PKV PSKOV Russian Federation PUA PUAS Papua New Guinea PCL PUCALLPA ROLDEN Peru ZPC PUCON Chile PBC PUEBLA HUEJOTSNGO Mexico PUB PUEBLO United States WPA PUERTO AISEN Chile AML PUERTO ARMUELLES Panama PUU PUERTO ASIS Colombia PYH PUERTO AYACUCHO Venezuela PBR PUERTO BARRIOS Guatemala PBE PUERTO BERRIO Colombia PYA PUERTO BOYACA Colombia PBL PUERTO CABELLO Venezuela PUZ PUERTO CABEZAS Nicaragua PCR PUERTO CARRENO Colombia PUD PUERTO DESEADO Argentina PXM PUERTO ESCONDIDO Mexico PDA PUERTO INIRIDA Colombia PJM PUERTO JIMENEZ Costa Rica PJZ PUERTO JUAREZ Mexico UPC PUERTO LA CRUZ Spain LQM PUERTO LEGUIZAMO Colombia PEU PUERTO LEMPIRA Honduras PMY PUERTO MADRYN TEHUELCHE Argentina PEM PUERTO MALDONADO Peru PMC PUERTO MONTT TEPUAL Chile PNT PUERTO NATALES GALLARDO Chile PUE PUERTO OBALDIA Panama PZO PUERTO ORDAZ Venezuela PPZ PUERTO PAEZ Venezuela PPE PUERTO PENASCO Mexico POP PUERTO PLATA LA UNION Dominican Republic PPS PUERTO PRINCESA Philippines PCC PUERTO RICO Colombia PUR PUERTO RICO Bolivia PSZ PUERTO SUAREZ Bolivia PVR PUERTO VALLARTA ORDAZ Mexico WPU PUERTO WILLIAMS Chile PKP PUKA PUKA French Polynesia PUK PUKARUA French Polynesia XPK PUKATAWAGAN Canada PUY PULA Croatia (Hrvatska) PSK PULASKI United States LAC PULAU LAYANG-LAYANG LAYANG Malaysia PPJ PULAU PANJANG Indonesia PUW PULLMAN United States PMN PUMANI Papua New Guinea PUN PUNIA Zaire UPA PUNTA ALEGRE Cuba PUQ PUNTA ARENAS IBANEZ Chile PUJ PUNTA CANA Dominican Republic PCV PUNTA CHIVATO Mexico PCO PUNTA COLORADA Mexico UMA PUNTA DE MAISI Cuba PUNTA DEL ESTE Uruguay PUNTA GORDA United States PUNTA GORDA Belize PURENI Papua New Guinea PURWOKERTO Indonesia PUSAN KIMHAE Korea (South) PUTAO Myanmar PUTUMAYO Ecuador PUTUSSIBAU Indonesia PWETO Zaire PYONGYANG SUNAN Korea (North) PYRGOS GreeceThats a few I apologise as I could not get rid of the weird 'PKM' things. Hope its enough haha!
