Lamarck's theory of evolution posited that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetimes to their offspring, such as a giraffe stretching its neck to reach higher leaves. However, evidence from genetics and the understanding of heredity demonstrates that traits are inherited through genes, not acquired characteristics. For instance, when a giraffe stretches its neck, the changes do not affect its DNA, so the offspring do not inherit a longer neck. Experiments in modern biology, such as those involving selective breeding and genetic mutations, further support the principles of Darwinian evolution over Lamarckian ideas.
Lamarck's theory, known as Lamarckism, proposed that organisms evolve through the inheritance of acquired characteristics. He suggested that traits developed during an organism's lifetime, such as a giraffe stretching its neck to reach higher leaves, could be passed on to its offspring. This idea emphasized the role of adaptation to the environment in driving evolutionary change. While Lamarck's theory was influential, it has since been largely discredited in favor of Darwinian evolution and natural selection.
It was where he developed his theory. The Galapagos are considered the "Laboratory of Evolution." Evolution is easily observable here.
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It is generally thought to support the Theory of Evolution.
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Darwin's best argument in favor of the theory of evolution was natural selection. The most serious objections came from religion.
Evolution, the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms, was accepted pretty much bu the time Darwin came on the scene. The theory of evolution by natural selection was a harder sell. Not only were there religious objections, which were silly, but scientific objections to the theory that developed toward the end of the 19th century as genetics took off. These objections were to the possibility of natural selection being the actual driving force of much of evolution. Many geneticists were " saltationists ", that is they though evolution happened in large mutations instead of a more gradual process. Not until about 1930 when the mathematical joining of biology and genetics, called the new synthesis, come about was Darwin finally vindicated in most of his ideas about natural selection.
Theory of evolution refers to animals and plants evolution along the time. Language evolution is another issue, not entirely related to the theory of evolution. It follows the theory of evolution on some way but it is related to culture evolution, not to the physical attributes evolution.
Larmark's theory was based on the idea that organisms inherited characteristics that they had acquired in life - so, if you have a scar your offspring will have scars. Darwin's theory assumed that offspring inherited characteristics from their parents, but they were more likely to survive to breed if there was advantage to those characteristics.
Most objections to evolutionary theory, now and historically, are based in religious fundamentalism, specifically the religious beliefs that have mankind be the product of special creation by some god or gods.
Evolution is an observed and observable fact. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains many things about evolution. The theory generates testable hypothesis, as any good theory does. Remember, theory is the highest concept in science.
One of the most prominent names to object to (parts of) Darwin's proposals was Richard Owen. Other than him, objections came mostly from religious corners. Acceptance of Darwin's hypotheses was very broad right from the start. See links below for more information.
There are many books that describe the theory of evolution. For example, there is a book called Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory.
Tribal communities are good examples of evolutionary theory of government, because the family unit is often important but overseen by a leader. A biblical example is the 12 tribes of Jacob because the head of the family formed the larger government. Each tribe was headed by one of Jacobs son, and Jacob ruled over them all.
Charles Darwin is credited with developing the modern theory of evolution through his seminal work "On the Origin of Species" published in 1859. Darwin's theory proposed that species evolve over time through the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
In Darwin's theory, natural selection plays the key role. Organisms vary through random mutations--slight changes from their parents. The environment determines which are most likely to survive. In Lamarck's theory, changes in phenotype are inherited. This is now known to be (largely) incorrect.