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Adaptation of hummingbirds include:

  • A long bill, which enables them to feed on nectar deep down in cupped flowers
  • The lower part of the hummingbird's bill is flexible, actually widening and bending downwards when the hummingbird opens its mouth: this allows it to capture insects in mid-flight
  • An extra-long tongue lined with hairs which enable them to extract the nectar from the flowers
  • Because hummingbirds are constantly on the move, they need stronger muscle fibres: their pectoral muscles are made up of almost 100% Type 1 muscle fibres which are better for the bird's endurance
  • Hummingbirds can beat their wings at amazing speeds: the largest (Giant hummingbird) beats its wings 8 to 10 times per second while the smallest can beat as much as 100 times per second for short bursts. This enables the hummingbird to hover, giving them amazing manoeuverability.
  • When environmental conditions change, such as temperatures dropping very low or food supply being limited, hummingbirds go into a state known as 'torpor', which is, in effect, hummingbird hibernation.
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