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Charles Darwin observed that finch populations on the Galápagos Islands exhibited a variety of beak shapes and sizes, which seemed to correlate with the specific diets and ecological niches of the different islands. These variations indicated adaptations to their environments, such as larger beaks for cracking seeds or smaller beaks for insects. This led Darwin to develop his theory of natural selection, illustrating how species can evolve over time based on environmental pressures. Ultimately, these observations contributed significantly to his understanding of evolution and the concept of adaptation.

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