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HAND (one hand = 4 inches). The horse is measured from the ground to the top of the withers,

The withers are defined as follows (Wikipedia):

The withers is the highest point on the back of a non-upright animal, on the ridge between its shoulder blades The withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae (most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae), which are unusually long in this area. The processes of the withers can be more than 12" (30cm) in height on the average horse. Since they do not move relative to the ground (as does the horse's head), the height of a horse is measured from the ground to the withers. Horse sizes are extremely variable, from small pony breeds to large draft breeds. The height of the withers on an average Thoroughbred is 16 hands (5' 4").

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