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Extrusive rocks are... extruded... onto the surface as the lava that we all think of. It cools fairly quickly, into rocks with fairly small crystals (might need a magnifying lens to see them). The exact chemistry of the parent magma will determine the type of rock. Oceanic volcanoes are generally basaltic (mafic or ultramafic), continental are generally granitic (felsic or intermediate). They're put down in "relatively thin" layers.

Intrusive rocks cool for thousands of years beneath the surface in huge plutons or batholyths. This allows them to grow very large crystals (easily seen by the unaided eye). These intrusive rocks are almost always granitic-type rock.

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How reliable is fossil evidence?

The answer depends on how the word 'reliable' is interpreted in the question:(1) Is the fossil evidence 'reliable' in interpreting the history of life on Earth?Fossil evidence IS our understanding of the history of life. Fossils on which this understanding is based include skeletons, roots, leaves, bark, chemical signatures, imprints, carbon residues, burrowing and trail marks, petrified wood, footprints, eggs, gastric stones, fecal matter, and many others, found preserved mainly in stone, but sometimes in ice. There are many ways that fossils can be formed. They include freezing, carbonization, petrification, mineral replacement, unaltered preservation,recrystallization, andauthigenicpreservation.The fossil record of life recorded in rock is full of periods of intense diversification, appearances of new lifeforms, and extinction events that affected large percentages of the biota on a worldwide scale.(2) Are the modern methods used to determine the age of the fossil 'reliable'?Radiometric dating of rock involves the measurement of the amount of decay in radioactive elements which are present in the rock. Radioactive elements decay at unique rates, depending on the isotope. This rate of decay is known as half-lives; it is the time necessary for ½ of the atoms to decay in a particular element. The decay follows a geometric scale, in that in the first half-life of an element, ½ of the atoms decay, yet in the second half-life, ½ of those remaining decay and so forth. By measuring this decay, and knowing the half life of an element, scientists can date a sample. Radiometric dating is particularly useful in dating igneous and metamorphic rock, but not so much for sedimentary rocks and fossils.Because of geologic events such as plate tectonics and volcanism, suitable material for radiometric dating, such as volcanic tuff, solidified lava, and igneous intrusions have been found as layers on, in, and cut through layers of sedimentary rock and fossils. Intrusions are always younger than the rock body they penetrate, meaning that the sedimentary rock in which intrusions are found will be older than a radiometrically dated sample of the intrusion. Lava flows and volcanic ash which form layers in rock will be younger than the rock below and older than the rock above. The solidified intrusions and lava flows can be dated with radiometric techniques.The radiometric dating of suitable rocks (i.e. igneous or metamorphic) in proximity to their sedimentary counterparts, therefore allows the sedimentary rock to be dated as well. Radiometric dating techniques are constantly being refined and improved with a resulting increase in accuracy and date range.Scientific inquiry and the scientific method have contributed greatly to our lives in the fields of electronics, physics, engineering, chemistry, manufacturing, and medicine. This same scientific method is being used in genetics and Earth sciences to broaden our knowledge and understanding of Earth's history, including the origin and evolution of life.


Related Questions

How are faults intrusions and extrusions similar?

Faults, intrusions, and extrusions are all geologic features related to the movement of the Earth's crust. Faults are fractures along which rocks have moved, intrusions are igneous rocks that have been forced into pre-existing rocks, and extrusions are igneous rocks that have been extruded onto the Earth's surface. They all involve the movement and displacement of rocks, contributing to the shaping of the Earth's crust.


How do scientists date sedimentary rock?

They date the igneous intrusions and extrusions near the sedimentary rock layers.


What do scientist use igneous intrusions and extrusions for?

Scientists use igneous intrusions and extrusions to study the geologic history of an area, determine the age of rock formations, and understand past volcanic activity. These features can also provide information on the composition and structure of the Earth's crust.


What evidence would a scientists use to determine the absolute age of a fossil found in sedimentary rock?

The Igneous intrusions and extrusions near sedimentary layers.


Why arent fossils found in extrusions and intrusions?

Fossils are not found in extrusions and intrusions, such as lava flows and igneous rock formations, because the extreme heat and pressure generated during these volcanic processes usually destroy any organic material present. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks, where the remains of organisms are buried and preserved in layers of sediment over time.


How do extrusions intrusions and faults determine the relative age of rocks?

Extrusions, intrusions, and faults are key features used in relative dating of rocks. When lava extrudes onto the surface and solidifies, it creates a layer of igneous rock that is younger than the rocks beneath it. Intrusions, which occur when molten rock pushes into existing rock layers, are also younger than the surrounding rocks they invade. Faults are fractures where rocks have moved; they are younger than the rocks they cut through, indicating that the rocks were already present before the fault occurred.


Intrusions of the igneous rock are younger or older than the rock layers beneath and surrounding them?

Intrusions of igneous rock are typically younger than the rock layers they penetrate. This is because the magma that forms igneous intrusions is usually injected after the surrounding rocks have already solidified and formed.


Can I decide the thickness of the wall when using custom aluminum extrusions?

Aluminum, plastic, and copper are most suitable for extrusions. Thickness can be determined with aluminum extrusions.


What is the definition of extrusions?

extruszion


Where are extrusions found?

where are egneos rocks found


What do extrusions look like?

it look like a magam


What are aluminum extrusions used for?

Aluminum extrusions are used to turn aluminum alloy into other materials for cross sectional profiles. It is extracted from other metals containing aluminum and squeezed out.