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In short: Evolution. It means that a common ancestor is shared, but through small modifications over long periods of time, there is a large diversity.

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Why are the Hawaiian creepers a good example of descent with modification?

Hawaiian creepers are a prime example of descent with modification due to their evolution in isolation on the Hawaiian Islands, leading to the development of unique adaptations. As they diversified from a common ancestor, different species evolved distinct traits suited to their specific ecological niches, such as variations in beak shape for foraging. This adaptive radiation illustrates how environmental factors and geographic isolation drive evolutionary changes over time, showcasing the principles of natural selection and descent with modification.


What does descent modification imply about the relationships among the different species on earth today?

That the offspring of one species may adapt to it's surroundings and live longer then though without the modification.


How Are homologous structures such as forelimbs evidence for common descent?

Homologous structures are similar body parts in different species that point to a shared evolutionary history. The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the pentadactyl limb (having five digits), suggest a common ancestor where these structures evolved and diversified over time. The presence of these homologous structures supports the theory of common descent, as they indicate a modification of a common ancestral limb for different functions in various species.


How does Darwin's principle of descent with modification explain the characteritics of todays species?

Yes, but it needs some additions like Mendelian Genetics that Darwin did not have. These additions have already been made.


How does the finch species of the galapogas islands illustrate descent with modification?

The finch species of the Galápagos Islands exemplify descent with modification through their adaptive radiation in response to diverse environmental conditions on different islands. Each finch species has evolved distinct beak shapes and sizes tailored to specific food sources, demonstrating how natural selection drives variation within a common ancestor. This process highlights how populations can diverge over time, adapting to their unique habitats while maintaining a shared lineage. Overall, these finches provide a clear example of evolution in action, showcasing the principles of Darwin's theory.