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"Gymnosperm" is an informal term for any plant of the extant groups Coniferophyta, (conifers) Cycadophyta, (cycads) Ginkgophyta (1 species gingko biloba), and Gnetophyta as opposed to the angiosperms or flowering plants. Gymnosperms reproduce by means of seeds. Unfertilised seeds are called "ovules" With the first cell division it is called a "zygote" and thereafter an "embryo". The male gene carrier is called pollen. (For more about pollen - ask. The seeds of gymnosperms are in direct contact with the environment (can be covered with a scale as in "cones"). The ovules of angiosperms, by contrast, are encased in an ovary.

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