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The law of segregation of alleles, the first of Mendel's laws, stating that every somatic cell of an organism carries a pair of hereditary units (now identified as alleles) for each character, and that at meiosis the pairs separate so that each gamete carries only one unit from each pair. This is called the law of segregation.

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What are alleles and what are the two forms?

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can code for different traits. The two forms of alleles are dominant and recessive. Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles when present together in an individual's genotype.


What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous alleles?

You're looking at a gene which contains 2 alleles (meaning variations of that gene). Let's call it "A."Remember that you get 2 copies of EACH gene (one from mom, one from dad).


The different forms a gene may have for a trait?

Genes can have different forms, known as alleles, that produce variations in a specific trait. These alleles can be dominant or recessive, determining which form of the trait is expressed in an individual. Additionally, some alleles can be co-dominant or show incomplete dominance, leading to unique phenotypic outcomes.


Why you called co-dominance when a person possess two different alleles at the same locus and both alleles are expressed in the phenotype?

Co-dominance is used to describe a situation where two different alleles at the same locus are both expressed in the phenotype of an individual. This results in a distinct phenotype that combines traits from both alleles, rather than one allele being dominant over the other. Examples include blood type AB in humans, where both A and B antigens are expressed on red blood cells.


How does interbreeding affect the alleles in a population?

Interbreeding can increase genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into a population. This can potentially lead to a broader range of phenotypic traits and increase the population's ability to adapt to changing environments. However, excessive interbreeding can also lead to inbreeding depression, which reduces overall fitness due to increased expression of deleterious alleles.