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Georges Cuvier is best known for his theory of catastrophism, which posited that the Earth's geological features and species were shaped by a series of sudden, short-lived, and violent events, such as natural disasters. Unlike gradual evolution, Cuvier believed that these catastrophic events led to the extinction of species, followed by the creation of new ones. His ideas laid the groundwork for later discussions on extinction and evolution, though they were eventually challenged by the theory of gradual evolution proposed by Charles Darwin.

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