Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of Epicureanism, a school of thought that emphasized the pursuit of happiness through the cultivation of friendships, the enjoyment of simple pleasures, and the avoidance of pain and fear. He lived from 341 to 270 BCE and believed that knowledge, particularly about the natural world, could free individuals from superstitions and unnecessary anxieties. Epicurus advocated for a life of moderation and the importance of intellectual contemplation. His teachings have influenced various philosophical and ethical discussions throughout history.