I don't know how you arrived at that conclusion. But let say you're correct and there are some scientist that resort to circular reasoning; the finding will surely be debunked by other scientist and the original scientist will surely be disgraced. This is what separate evolution from creation; Creation is based on the supernatural and the faithful should believe the inerrancy of the Bible no matter what.
Yes, fossils are examples of organic matter because they are the preserved remains or traces of once-living organisms. Fossils can include bones, shells, teeth, and other organic materials that have undergone a process of mineralization or replacement with inorganic materials to become stone-like structures.
During his voyages, Darwin observed fossils that provided evidence of extinct species, leading him to realize that life on Earth had changed over time. He noted that many fossils resembled living species, suggesting a connection between past and present forms of life. This observation supported his evolving ideas about natural selection and adaptation, as it indicated that species could undergo significant changes in response to their environments. Overall, the fossils reinforced his understanding of evolution as a gradual process influenced by various factors.
fossils are preserved animals or plants. but index fossils are fossils have wide distribution,many of them,evolves rapidly, and very easy to recognize. Ammonites are index fossils. The fossils were made only in a certain short time period.
Sudden covering of an organism with volcanic ash sediment will help preserve the organism from some normal decay mechanisms. Additionally, hard plant and bone may be replaced by silica from the ash over time, making the fossil resistant to erosion upon exposure at the surface. The Petrified Forest in Arizona would be an example of this process.
Inference (deduction) is the process of determining a conclusion based on given evidence. Since we often can't know precisely what a prehistoric animal or plant looked like (unless it was completely preserved, as is the case with ice or amber), we have to take what bones, casts, molds, etc. that exist, and infer something about the plant or animal based on the structure and surroundings. For example, based on what we know about structure and function of various anatomies of existing animals, we can infer things about dinosaurs based on the bone structures found in their fossils. We can also determine whether they were predators or prey, whether they hunted or traveled in herds, in what class of animal we can group them, and so forth.
A "conjecture" is a conclusion reached simply from observations...this is a process known as "inductive reasoning". An example would be a weather forecast. The difference between "inductive reasoning" and "deductive reasoning" is that with deductive reasoning, the answer must "necessarily" follow from a set of premises. Inductive reasoning is the process by which you make a mathematical "hypothesis" given a set of observations
inductive reasoning Deductive Reasoning A+
inductive reasoning Deductive Reasoning A+
is a mistake in the reasoning process.
reasoning
The remains are called fossils.
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
empirical
empirical
inductive reasoning Deductive Reasoning A+