it depends to the one who hosted it.
no
Photos are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are taken, and the photographer is the rightsholder unless other arrangements were made.
Yes; creative works are protected regardless of the method of distribution.
The programs are copyright Touchstone Pictures and Bad Robot, and will be protected for 95 years from publication (the first series will enter the public domain in 2097).
No; as works of the US government in accordance with 17USC105, photos taken by NASA are in the public domain.
Works are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed in a tangible medium. If formal registration is available in your country, you may choose to do that as well, although it is not required.
No. You could copyright a drawing or photograph of the logo but the logo itself would have to be protected as a trademark.
Individual words are not protected by copyright.
Yes.
The name itself would not be protected by copyright, but it can be a registered trademark; there are 4 registrations for "diamondhead" and 45 for "diamond head" (predominantly in Hawaii), ranging from gun sights to pineapple juice, but none for use in anime. The artwork associated with the character is definitely protected by copyright.
Yes. All of the photos taken in the movie are protected by copyright.
Once a work of sufficient originality is fixed in a tangible medium, it is automatically protected by copyright.