Traffic laws vary of course.
In places where there is a solid yellow light, indicating that it will soon be red meaning stop, generally you can enter the intersection while it is yellow.
The core idea is, "stop if safe to do so." If you could have stopped, but instead accelerate to make it through while still yellow, one might argue that you violated the idea, and in some areas this is against the law.
Also, in some areas (such as Oregon) where you should stop at yellow unless it's unsafe, you are expected to drive through the intersection "cautiously."
It is generally not illegal to accelerate through a yellow traffic light as long as you are able to safely make it through the intersection before the light turns red. However, you should always exercise caution and be prepared to stop if the light changes.
By "amber" I assume you mean yellow. A yellow traffic light indicates that your "right of way" is ending within the next couple seconds. When the light turns yellow you shouldn't enter the intersection if you haven't already, unless you've reached "The point of no return". It's not illegal to go through the intersection while the traffic light is yellow, but if you can stop you should, if you can't stop then go through the intersection (determined by your own judgement). A yellow light is basically a warning of a red light coming, where it is illegal to proceed through the intersection. The duration of a yellow light depends on the road the traffic light is governing. For a side road the traffic light may only show a yellow for around 3 seconds, for a major road such as a state road or US Highway, the traffic light may show a yellow for 4-6 seconds. These timings all depend on the road that the traffic light is governing and what the speed limit is for that road.
A flashing yellow light means you should drive with caution when approaching and moving through the intersection.
Yellow light
A traffic signal displaying a steady circular yellow light means that you should use caution when going through the intersection. You have the right away, but watch for other cars.
No, the white line is for your front bumper. If your front bumper passes the white line on yellow, that's just going through a yellow light, which isn't illegal. You can call it a close call, but not illegal.
A yellow traffic light means to slow down or stop completely. When the light is yellow it is about to change to red in a few seconds. Contrary to popular belief by many drivers yellow does not mean speed up.
Yellow, then red is the patterns of the traffic lights.
A yellow light is a caution light. Therefore the person who is making the left turn is entering into traffic and is the one at fault.
A yellow arrow traffic light means that you should yield in the direction you are going. These are often in place when you are turning left.
In the United States, the middle light on a traffic light is "Yellow" or "Amber," depending on the regional colloquialism.
Do not enter the intersection.