No. The law varies depending on the situation.
What exactly do you mean by "individually"? Assuming you're asking about a US passport: Minors are required to have their own individual passports, but a minor must apply in person with both parents/guardians; they can't get a passport without both parents knowing about it and approving of it.
Passports are only issued to citizens of the country concerned. For German citizenship. what is decisive is the parents' citizenship, not the country of birth.
If you are a citizen of both countries then you can apply for the dual citizenship so that you can get both passports.
If their law honors a Dual Passport then yes, if the said person holds two passports legally or is a citizen or legal resident of both countries.
Yes they are both Canadian Citizens
No. Just you.
There are many ways to become a U.S. citizen. You are automatically a U.S. citizen if you were born in one of the United States or it's territories, your parents are both U.S. citizens at the time of your birth, you are naturalized and apply to become a U.S. citizen, or both your parents are naturalized when you are a minor. Obviously, it is much easier to be "born into it" however the U.S. has a very clear application process. * *
yes because they were not born in that certain foreign country
Nobody requires a passport to travel between London (England) and Scotland, as both are part of the UK.
You can have both nationalities if you were born in Mexico and either one or both parents are German citizens.
No.
No, just the person running has to be.