About the only unanimous view is that abortifacients (that is, substances that induce abortion) are explicitly forbidden. For other contraceptives, it depends on whom you ask:
Some believe sex should only be for procreation, therefore there should be no contraceptives.
Others feel planned parenting is acceptable, and contraceptives used toward this goal are okay.
A third consideration is it's acceptable if your local spiritual father has blessed the use, and that they are not being used for selfish reasons.
For details, go to http://orthodoxwiki.org/Contraception
The ideal in Orthodox Judaism is to have as many children as God grants. Contraception is forbidden except in cases which must be ascertained with a halakhic authority (an authority in Torah-law).
Adonai
That the Torah is to be obeyed and is the word of God.
God, the Torah, and the Prophets
Jews do not believe in jesus christ at all.
I believe you are going for: Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed.
"Progressive" implies change. Orthodox Jews are those who believe in God and the Torah, and keep the commands of the Torah (Sabbath, Kashruth, etc.).
Orthodox Jews believe their way is the only "proper" way to practice Judaism. In most cases, it's considered brainwashing.
The answer completely depends on the Reform Jew you are talking about. Orthodox Jews follow all of the laws (no driving, cooking, etc) and some Reform Jews do the exact same thing.
The Reform Jews are not, strictly speaking, entirely Jewish anymore, whereas the Orthodox Jews are traditional and believe in the sanctity of the prayers and building.
Orthodox Jews believe that the Temple will be rebuilt.
Orthodox Jews are taught to do everything "by the book" and believe ALL Jews should do the same.
The Reform Jews are not, strictly speaking, entirely Jewish anymore, whereas the Orthodox Jews are traditional and believe in the sanctity of the prayers and building.