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Aircraft are able to navigate in a number of different ways.
The most obvious is simply by visual reference; pilots may follow landmarks on the ground to navigate. This can only be done when flying in VFR (Visual Flight Rules) conditions.
Beyond simply looking out the window there are more sophisticated methods of navigation. Planes use compasses and radar and other systems; for example many planes use an inertial navigation system which allows the plane to track where it is.
Navigational beacons (of varying degrees of sophistication) on the ground feature predominantly in navigation. Such beacons emit a signal which equipment on the aircraft picks up which allows a bearing (and sometimes more information) to the beacon to be calculated. Using this bearing the aircraft is able to fly from beacon to beacon along its planned flightpath.
Beyond beacons on the ground, satellites can also be used for example with an on-board GPS system.
Furthermore pilots are in contact with ATC (Air Traffic control) whose radar systems track the planes. ATC can give bearings and other instructions
to a plane to aid its navigation.
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