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One of the main reasons is to conserve fuel. Airplanes can fly at any altitude and speed. However, airplanes generally tend to fly at high altitude to conserve fuel. This makes the plane more efficient and keeps the operating cost down. Of course, an airplane can not always fly at max altitude at every flight. It may have too much weight or the distance it travels may be too short. So there is always a trade-off as to how they will fly the route.

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Q: How do airplanes change altitude?
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