In some areas along the Mid- Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth's crust are moving apart, creating crack and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and id heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth's crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor.
At Black Smokers, temperatures rise rapidly to the Smoker's locale from the cold Ocean depths.
Black smokers were first discovered in 1977. They are found at an average depth of 2,100 metres (6,889ft).
At divergent plate boundaries crust moves apart by tensional forces. Black smokers occur because cold water mixes with hot volcanic magma thousands of miles below the crust. As the mixture rises, it removes minerals from surrounding rocks. When this mixture comes in contact with the cold ocean water the minerals precipitate and form the "black smoke" that we observe.
Mountains can form anywhere there is seismic activity, even under the sea. Some of the Hawaiian Islands are in reality the peaks of mountains!
The Black Sea
The Black Sea appears black in color due to its deep, dark blue color, especially in certain lighting conditions. However, the name "Black Sea" does not refer to its color, but rather to the fact that it was inhabited by ancient Greeks, who referred to it as the "Inhospitable Sea." The Greek word for inhospitable, "axine," sounds similar to the modern word "black," which led to the misinterpretation of the sea's name.
the caucasus mountains
The Black Sea form most of the northern borders of Turkey.
The Black SeaBlack sea
The Danube River empties into the Black Sea.
The Balck Sea is above Turkey and under Ukraine.
Black sea