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How do horses mate?

Updated: 4/27/2022
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9y ago

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If the mare is receptive and in a period of estrus where she will allow the stallion to mount her (called "standing heat"), she will stand still as the stallion mounts and breeds her.

The mare will tell the stallion that she is ready by urinating over her back end, "winking" her vulva, and turning her rear to the stallion to allow him to sniff and tempt him to mount. If she's frisky she will kick out, nip at his neck and shoulders, and let out a squeal during the whole nipping-kicking-turning-butt-end-towards-mate courting exercise. The stallion will often display his penis (sigmoid muscle will relax letting the penis fall out of the sheath where it is housed when the stallion is not experience sexual arousal or urinating) in his sexual excitement about this mare in heat, sometimes letting it hang low and often stiffening it up so that it bumps against his belly.

When the mare is in standing heat, the stallion must have his penis out and fully erect and the mare hold her tail to the side in order to be able to penetrate (and for the mare to allow such penetration) the mare's vagina and begin mating. He mounts from the rear, resting his rib cage on the mare's hips and keeping his front legs in front of the hips against the mare's loin area. He will use his hind legs, which remain on the ground, to "hump" or jump to encourage ejaculation on his behalf and for the mare to experience orgasm, though very subtle this orgasm is (much more subtle than the orgasm experienced in women). The whole time the mare stands still, though sometimes she'll move around a little to get more comfortable with holding his weight on her rear for the few minutes it lasts.

When the stallion has fully ejaculated semen into the mare, he dismounts back onto all fours and allows his penis to "soften" and pull back into his body. Usually a stallion will mate with a mare several times over her estrus period (estrus in mare lasts for several days), but only during the times she is receptive. The times when she is in heat but not receptive (not in standing heat), she will allow the stallion to court her, but never mount to breed her. Not that the stallion won't mount her because he will any chance he gets, but the mare will move away and "punish" him by kicking or biting at him for his attempts to breed her without her "consent," in a manner of speaking.

By the time the estrus period is done, the mare may be pregnant, and no longer ready to breed until a few weeks after she has foaled.

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Q: How do horses mate?
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