current= area of surface x current density required / 1000 ,
weight of zinc anode = current x life of anode (4yrs) x 8766 / 780
Ships dump ballast water to counter any weight they take on, or to decrease their draft.
ballast water
Yes, There is a solution to ballast water they are helping maintain balance. When the ship pick up cargo at ports in the Great Lakes, their crew dumps the ballast water overboard. Any species in the water end up in the lakes. Answer: Discharge of ballast water in the Great Lakes is conrolled by international accord. In most cases ballast is offloaded to shore side treatment facilities for treatment prior to discharge. On ship treatment is also an option.
Anode rods are used in RV and home hot water heaters. Aluminum tanks are not required to have an anode rod where steel tanks usually are.
Water heaters can operate without an anode rod. If tank is not made of steel, then no anode rod is present. If tank is made from steel or glass-lined steel, then anode rod is necessary for long life of tank. Without anode rod, water will rust tank causing leaks and possible failure where tank bursts open and floods house until water is turned off. Anode rods are made of lower noble metals than steel water heater tank. When the two metals are connected together, water reacts with lower noble metal first, so the water dissolves anode rod instead of rusting tank. Anode rods should be checked every two-four years, more frequently when water is softened. Factory-made, gas and electric, steel water heaters come with one or two anode rods installed. Tanks with longer warranties generally have two anode rods. Check manual for specifics. Adding a second anode rod can prolong life of water heater. Ship hulls and propellers, and steel bridges, and other structures that come in contact with water also have anode rods.
Clean ballast refers to the ballast stored in a tank not permanently utilized for ballast (see segregated ballast below), but has been cleaned prior to use so clean ballast stored in it, if discharged from a stationary ship into calm water on a clear day will produce no evidence of oil, sludge or emulsion on or under the surface of the water or on adjoining shorelines. Segregated ballast refers to ballast stored in tanks which are permanently utilized for the carriage of ballast, and are completely separated from the cargo oil and oil fuel system.
Ballast used to be stones. With the invention of the electric pump, I think most ships will actually pump water into and out of tanks to adjust their ballast now.
The anode is the negative electrode. It produces hydrogen gas.
Anode means A metal rod inserted into the air water heater to extend the lifeof the tank
Submarines have ballast tanks in them.........when it has to go deep down, the ballast tanks are filled with water, which increases its average density in regard to water(Relative Density).....and when it has to come up to the surface it empties the ballast tanks...and it rises. That's it.
Sacrificial anode.
A submarine has a variable buoyancy due to it's ballast tanks. When a submarine submerges, it fills it's ballast tanks with water which causes negative buoyancy. When a submarine surfaces, it pumps the water out of the ballast tanks thus giving it positive buoyancy.