For a.c. you can use a transformer; for d.c. you can use a voltage divider resistor network.
You can use a circuit that uses a transistor to regulate the voltage down to 8v by adding resistance under control of a reference zener diode.
There are dedicated voltage regulators with three legs like a transistor, the 7808.
Other circuits use an inverter. Where the 12v is chopped up and fed via a computer controlled transistor, recified and stored in a capacitor for output.
It all depends on how much current you want to use. The voltage divider will only give you a small current, usually for reference only.
Adding resistance (via transistor) will produce large amounts of heat as the extra voltage is wasted.
Volts cannot be converted to amps. If you mean convert 220v to 12 volts output, then you need a 220v to 12 v step down transformer with the VA or watt rating you require.
If it is AC voltages you need to convert, you need to find a transformer to do this job. Without knowing the application it is hard to guess what you are trying to do.
5000 volts
To what?
volts times amps equal watts. So 12 volts times ? amp equals 1.5 watts. The current is 1.5/12 amps, which is 1/8 amp.
If it is AC then you don't need a formula, you just need a transformer.
Change the trailer light bulbs to 24 volts and supply a 24 volt source to power them, in that order.
12 volts
Total resistance (thevinen resistance) = 4 + 8 Total voltage = 12 volts. Ohms law: I = V / R Therefore I = 12/12 = 1 amp.
8/12 = 0.666 (repeating decimal)
Yep. It is called an inverter to convert 12 volts to 110 volts AC. Get one that will supply the amp needed for the microwave.
Amperes does not convert into volts they are two different values. Become familiar with the following formula and look at the relationships between the values. Volts = Amps x Resistance, Amps = Volts / Resistance and Resistance = Volts / Amps.