Xlviii = -10+50+5+1+1+1 = 48
To convert Roman numerals to Arabic numerals, you sum the values of the individual symbols. In this case, "XLV" translates to 45 since "X" represents 10, "L" represents 50, and "V" represents 5. When you subtract the value of "X" from "L" (50-10) you get 40, and adding "V" (5) gives you a total of 45.