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How does anti malware software works?

Updated: 3/23/2021
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Anti-malware software can work by using one or combination of multiple techniques to detect malware.

1. Checksums: They can use a technique known as checksums. The anti-malware program cross-references the size of the scanned file from the previous boot and compares it with its current size. If the file is larger than it was before, than the anti-malware program suspects a virus or another type of malware.

2. Detection from database: The anti-malware program uses a database full of the "signature" of every known malware agent. The anti-malware program scans each file and compares its contents with the signature of the known malware agent. If it finds a match, it flags the file as infected and attempts to disinfect it, quarantine it, or remove it.

3. Heuristics: The most advanced technique is something called heuristics analysis. The anti-malware program monitors the computer system constantly and attempts to find any malware-like activity, like changes to the registry, the size of a file changes, a program is installed, etc.

4. Sandboxing: An AM sometimes let the program install but it will put it into a remote area from where it will be monitored first. If it doesn't show any malicious behavior, the AM will allow the program to run outside that remote area but if it shows any malicious behavior, AM will terminate the program. This is what secure hunter anti malware did on my PC running on Windows 8.

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