Along a geodesic curve.
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Light is considered a self-propagating wave. So it does not need a medium, which is why it reaches the earth from the sun. The mediums which dont absorb the light (and therefore allow light to travel through it) depend on the wave length of light. For example a gamma ray (has a very short wavelength) can travel through metal and takes a block of lead to absorb it.
Light waves can travel through empty space. You might say that the empty space is the medium in this case.
Light waves travel at approx 300,000 kilometres per second, sound at approx 0.343 kilometres/second.Light waves can travel in vacuum or through some media (there is no such word as mediums!). Sound waves cannot travel through vacuum: they needs a physical medium.
Yes, all wavelengths of light have the same velocity in every medium. In fact, all types of electromagentic radiation travel at the same speed in a given medium.
air
In a vacuum.
No. Sound travels slowly like a turtle, while light zips along like a rabbit.
Not all waves require mediums to propagate.Sound waves can travel through solid, liquid and gaseous mediums, while, electromagnetic waves do not require any medium to travel through.
Further in a given period of time? No. The speed of light is constant in all mediums. The speed of sound, however, which is a physical wave, does change.
it refracts because it travels in different velocities and other colors of light travel in different speeds When light crosses a boundary between mediums, it changes speeds, and it bends or changes the angle that it is travailing at when it crosses the boundary.
This depends a lot on the type of waves you're talking about. Sound waves, for example, can travel through water, solid, and air mediums, but not through a vacuum. Electromagnetic waves, however, can travel in a vacuum.