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First, keep in mind that all objects that weigh anything have gravity - or how much they weigh (have mass). So the earth and other planets/asteroids/comets/planetesimals 'pull' on each other, their moons, if any, and on the Sun. Of course the Sun's gravity pulls all those things toward itself, too, because it has gravity. A lot of gravity.

So actually, the Earth and all those other things are always 'falling' toward the Sun, and vice versa. The falling takes a different version in this case. We are familiar with acceleration in a straight line because we see it around us every day.
But there is another acceleration that happens to objects in orbit.

This type of acceleration is the acceleration of falling, BUT the acceleration is not the type we call 'speeding up', but the type that pushes away from the Sun (centrifugal force, or the force that makes the object (Earth) try to change to A straight line motion and fly off into space. Why doesn't the Earth just fly off into space with all that force pushing it?

Well, the other 'acceleration' is called centripital acceleration - (again, not the kind associated with speed) - which results in 'centripital force', or the pulling of the Earth and Sun's gravity towards each other. Centripital force is like the "pull" on a string tied to a ball that you are whirling around. To answer your question . . . there is a very narrow orbit in which the Earth, etc, can orbit AND keep its centripital force and the opposite centrifugal force the same (balanced). And that is exactly where Earth is.

There is nothing to change the Earth's orbit unless the Earth becomes much heavier or lighter, or the Sun becomes heavier or lighter. (That could happen in many billions of years) So as long as the Earth and Sun remain roughly at their current weights (masses), the Earth (or whatever) stays balanced in its orbit. The Sun doesn't 'do' anything about it . . . it just needs to exist and have gravity, which it does.

KEY CONCEPT: Now, if the Earth (or whatever) or the Sun did change their mass, then the Earth would simply find a little bit smaller or larger orbit size, and be in balance, again, with slightly different centripital force and centrifugal force (but still equal to each other).

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Q: How does the sun keep earth in balance?
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