How many genes are in each somatic cell?

Answer 1

46 chromosomes are there in a human somatic cell. 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes are there with one pair of XX (in case of females) and one pair of XY (in case of males). Hence, 22 pairs of chromosomes + one pair of XX/XY chromosomes gives 23 pairs of chromosomes, i.e., 46 chromosomes.

Answer 2

Each chromosome contains a single DNA molecule, in addition to proteins, such as histones, which help package, protect, and condense the DNA. A human somatic cell has 23 chromosome pairs, 22 are autosomal, and one is sex-determining. Which means 46 chromosomes in a normal human somatic cell, which means 46 molecules of DNA.

deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of monomeric units known as nucleotides. a nucleotide consists of a five-membered sugar (in the case of DNA, deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base (A,G,C, or T), and a phosphate(PO3-). The deoxynucleotides are joined together via phosphodiester bonds to form DNA polymers.

Certain regions of the genome are used to 'code' for proteins. These regions are called genes. In these areas of a chromosome, the order of nucleotides determines the sequence in which amino acids will be joined together to form a peptide/protein. DNA is converted to mRNA by RNA polymerase. the mRNA is processed by having non-coding regions (introns) spliced out, and the exons are joined back together. After mRNA processing, the mRNA exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. mRNA interacts with ribosomes and tRNA (which carry amino acids) to perform protein synthesis. Proteins consist of amino acids, and their final 3d conformation(shape) is determined by the primary sequence of their amino acids. tRNA molecules have an anticodon region which will recognise a codon on the mRNA(nucleotide sequence). The peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes will transfer the amino acid attached to the tRNA to the growing peptide chain.

Answer 3

Each human cell (except red blood cells) contains between 25,000 and 42,000 genes.