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How was Roman law set up and administrated?

Updated: 8/21/2019
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During the period of the Roman Republic bills were submitted to the vote of the popular assemblies. The praetors, who were annually elected officers of state, were the chief justices. The general framework was the Law of the Twelve Tables, which was a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets in 451/450 BC. The praetor urbanus presided over civil case trials and usually assigned criminal cases to judges. The trials were by jury. They also issued edicts which amended existing laws.

During the period of rule by the emperors the emperors were absolute rulers. New laws were edicts issued by the emperors. The popular assemblies were either emasculated or abolished. The (unelected) senate was turned into a rubber stamp body for the imperial edicts. The praetors were turned into imperial administrators. The emperors presided over the courts of appeal.

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Q: How was Roman law set up and administrated?
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