Since this question makes no sense as it is stated let's assume your question was actually: "http://wiki.answers.com/Q/If_a_missing_person_is_called_in_when_they_are_17_will_they_still_receive_charges_still_be_a_missing_person_when_they_become_18 will they still be a missing person when they become 18?" The answer is yes, unless they are found before their 18th birthday, in which case they will no longer be missing. I'm unsure what they would be "receiving charges" for, unless being missing is a crime in your locality.
Polarization
the atom would still be an atom it will just be called a neural atom
If you are referring to the flow of electric charges it is called electrical energy.
The continuous flow of positive charges is called current
A sentence missing a subject or a verb is a fragment.
A continuous flow of negative charges is called an electric current.
We don't know! It's called "missing" for a reason!
Neutron
It is called an ion.
The condition in which a diploid cell is missing a chromosome or has an extra chromosome is called aneuploidy.
flow of electricity through a conductor are electric charges
The flow of electric charges is current.