Yes. For example if you are driving and suspect a drunk driver you can call 911 on your cell phone and they can pull the car over based on that phone call. If needed they can even pull the 911 caller into court to verify that there was a suspicion of drunk or impaired driving (although this doesn't happen often)
Yes. But police aren't required to have probable cause to pull you over - the standard is reasonable suspicion, which is much lower than probable cause.
For a traffic stop? Yes. Any violation that a police officer can make contact with you for (which is all of them) is probably cause for a trafffic stop.
Only if they have reasonable suspision or probable cause. Otherwise No.
If probable cause is given then yes, the officer can.
If the officer feels there is probable cause to do so then absolutely. Age has nothing to do with it.
not technically, but police run a tag, if there is a c.h. for the owner, they usually try to find a reason. probable cause is them having a legitamate reason, such as an obvious traffic incraction, or someone reporting you as a possible dui.
Unless the officer discovered probable cause during the traffic stop (or had probable cause prior to), then no, the search was illegal. The officer would have needed to obtain probable cause to search the vehicle, in reference to Carroll v. United States. The prior answer referenced "Search Incident to Lawful Arrest" and that was incorrect. During a traffic stop for speeding, generally, no one is being arrested, and "Search Incident to Lawful Arrest" only allows the the officer to search for evidence related to the arrest, which for speeding, there wouldn't be any such evidence.
Under no circumstances can a police officer stop you or search you without probable cause. Probable cause is one of the ways that an ordinary citizen's right to privacy is protected from unlawful search and seizure.
Probable cause is anything an officer wants it to be....whether it would hold up in court? Probably, if they find something else.
Probable cause is defined as: "a reasonable belief that a person has committed a crime." or "a reasonable amount of suspicion, supported by circumstances sufficiently strong to justify a prudent and cautious person's belief that certain facts are probably true". So... There is no cookie-cutter definition as it relates to OWI. Driving behavior, observations of the driver (statements, actions, odors, etc), and field sobriety testing can all contribute to probable cause. In essence, weaving in and out of traffic, crossing the lines of the road, dramatic and excessive corrections observed by law enforcement officers can lead to a traffic stop. Upon stopping the driver, officers may detect the odor of alcohol which in itself is probable cause to conduct investigation such as field sobriety testing or breathalyzer testing. Which may further support probable cause.
No. You can force them to have a warrant, but they do not need one if they have probable cause.
As long as they have probable cause they can stop you for anything they want.