On the contrary, if the parallax angle is too small, it can't be measured accurately.
useful
-- number -- unit
No because the 4 interior angles of any 4 sided quadrilateral always add up to 360 degrees.
No, never.
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Universal indicator is just that - an indicator. It is not intended as an accurate measurement system.
Never: A measurement made is always an approximation. We can get very close to being accurate with our measurements, but never fully 100% accurate. This is not the fault of the person measuring, or what tool they are using to measure with, but it is a natural law that we (anyone, even superior aliens to humans) cannot ever fully make an absolutely accurate measurement.
There is no such way to avoid parallax error, you just have to be careful.. :)
No. Accurate relates to how close the actual measurement the instrument measures. Precise relates to how much detail the instrument gives when measuring. They are independent to each other: An measurement can be precise and accurate (eg the value of π is 3.141592654) An measurement can be precise and inaccurate (eg the value of π is 1.733677432) An measurement can be less precise and accurate (eg the value of π is 3.14) An measurement can be less precise and inaccurate (eg the value of π is 1.73).
Significant figures are important in measurement because they determine how accurate a scientific claim can be. There always has to be a small amount of uncertainty in an answer, because no measurement or calculation is ever 100% absolute.
No, the units are independent of the accuracy. If you are measuring volume, how accurate the measurement is (or isn't) will not affect what you are measuring - it will always be volume.
In principle yes but an orbit round the Moon is too small to make it worth doing. An orbit round Mars would also be too small. The present system uses the Earth's orbit as the base line, and parallax measurement works by measuring the exact position of a nearby star agains the background of distant stars at intervals of 6 months at opposite sides of the Earth's orbit. The parallaxes are so small that it took until the 1800s for any parallax to be discovered. Before then the lack of parallax was always used as a genuine reason that the Earth could not be moving.
Because its always changing and there are too many possible factors to make an accurate prediction.
You have to ask yourself what is an advantage when parallax measurements are being made? . . parallax happens when you move to a different place and the object you see look a little different, the closest ones appear to have moved more than the ones that are further away. In astronomy parallax is created when the Earth is in opposite points of its orbit. Stars that are close appear to have moved a little, relative to the mass of stars that are a long distance away. Parallax was not observed before the 19th century, and the lack of parallax was always used to 'prove' that the Earth could not possibly be going round the Sun. It was only in the 19th century that parallax was observed, but it was only very tiny movements of the closest stars. It forced people to realise that the stars are incredibly far away and the Earth does go round the Sun after all, so it was extra evidence of the Sun being at the centre of the solar system. A parallax measurement is easier to make if the baseline is longer, so the answer to your question is that Mercury and Venus have no advantage for making parallax measurements.
Accuracy
No , they are about 99% accurate :)
It is not possible to answer the question. The estimates will tend towards accuracy as the number of trials increases but it is always possible that the answer drifts from the true value before returning to wards it. There is no possible means of determining if or when that happens.