It was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church. The council, through the Holy See, formally opened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on December 8, 1965.
Pope Paul VI closed Vatican II.
The First Vatican Council was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868 and was formally closed in 1960 prior to Vatican II
Popes John XXIII and Paul VI were popes during Vatican II.
After the Vatican Council II closed, the Popes started to implement the changes that were asked for by the Council. They are still in the process of that in the early 21st century, and will be at it for another fifty years. The Church doesn't move on the same time schedule as the modern world.
Yes
In Vatican City, thus the name Vatican Council II.
There were exactly no doctrines defined at the Second Vatican Council. The Second Vatican Council was the first purely pastoral council ever held in the Church.
1962
The council was held mostly at the Vatican but some meetings were held at other venues in and around Rome.
Vatican Council II (1962 - 1965) was held in Vatican City located in Rome, Italy.
We are still waiting for this to happen. It usually takes decades to fully implement a Council, and this hasn't yet happened with Vatican II.
The Second Vatican Council, itself, did not have that big an impact on the Americas, however, the wreckovation done by progressive bishops and priests pretty much killed the Church in the Americas. When the Second Vatican Council first met, the Church in the Americas was vibrant and growing. The religious Orders were overflowing, nearly every parish had a parish school, and Catholics were noticeably different from the culture around them. Since the "implementation" of Vatican II, churches have closed, schools have closed, convents and monasteries have closed, and the few that are still open are dying. There is a revival among some dioceses that have sought to implement Vatican Council II as it was meant to be done, and these dioceses are growing, their seminaries and convents are starting to fill, and Catholic families are again starting to live as Christians. However, these is a vanishingly small number, within the next 20-30 years, the Church in America will not be recognizable.