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Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, although all isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in each atom. Isotope Variation Analysis (detection of adulteration in food products or the geographic origins of products using isoscapes) and Isotopic substitution (to determine the mechanism of a chemical reaction via the kinetic isotope effect) are the most frequently used application for isotopes. Another common application for isotope is isotopic labeling, the use of unusual isotopes as tracers or markers in chemical reactions. Normally, atoms of a given element are indistinguishable from each other. However, by using isotopes of different masses, even different nonradioactive stable isotopes can be distinguished by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. For example, in 'stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)' stable isotopes are used to quantify proteins. If radioactive isotopes are used, they can be detected by the radiation they emit (this is called radioisotopic labeling).

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Q: What are the purposes of isotope labeling?
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What is the radio labeling technique?

Radio labeling is incorporation of a radioactive isotope within a molecule , so the compound can be detected using radioactivity detection techniques.


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